techUpdates

my updated profile 04/11/09

2009-11-04T01:56:00.001-08:00

V S Sankara rao Kondapalli
Mobile@AP: +91-9299856968
e-mail: sivasankarmca20@gmail.com
Professional Summary

• Having 2 years of experience in DOTNET technologies. It includes Application Development, Review and Testing.

• Constantly working towards developing skills in the latest emerging technologies and exploring opportunities that suit best for the individual’s strengths and the Enterprise.

Strengths and Attitude

• Willing to learn and adapt to new challenges.
• Good analytical and problem-solving skills.
• Self motivated.

Professional Experience

 Working as a Software Engineer in ATS Translogic Systems Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad .
Certifications

 MCTS 70-528 (DotNet web based applications)

Educational Profile

Education Board/University Year of completion Percentage
Master of Computer Applications(M.C.A) Pydah College of PG Courses, Affiliated to Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. Andhra Pradesh 2007 72%
Bachelor of Science(B.Sc) (Computers) B.B.H College, Vetapalem affiliated to Acharya Nagarjuna University Andhra Pradesh 2004 69%

Skill Set

Languages C, C++, C#, VB.NET, ASP.NET, SQL SERVER 2005
Operating System MS Windows (2000/XP/Vista), Windows NT
RDBMS SQL Server
Client-side Technologies JavaScript.
Development Skills C# programming, ASP.NET

Projects

Project #2

Project Name: ESERVE
Role Team Member
Organization ATS Translogic Systems Pvt Ltd
Team Size Project : 6
Environment
(with skill versions) Technologies : C#.Net, ASP.Net
Database : SQL Server
O/s : Windows Xp
Project Description
ESERVE system is a web based application used by GENETECH. The aim of the application is to provide the results of the bird samples submitted by the users. Generally user’s submit bird samples data through this system and sends the samples through offline. Users can obtain information whether bird is male/female through online.
Responsibilities
Analyzing requirements
Designing and Coding the application for all the layers (Presentation, Business and Data Access) according to use cases
Development ,Unit Testing and Integration Testing

Project #1

Project Name: LMS (Laboratory Management System)
Role Team Member
Organization ATS Translogic Systems Pvt Ltd
Team Size Project : 6
Environment
(with skill versions) Technologies : C#.Net, ASP.Net
Database : SQL Server
O/s : Windows Xp

Project Description
LMS is a Web based application used by the GENETECH employees. The system will be used to speed up the process of maintaining the information about the physicians who refers this particular lab, and patients who comes here. This system is implements based on the Roles And Privileges assigned to particular user. The system implemented by using AZMAN to get and assign roles and privileges to the users. Based on those privileges the user can only get the required data.
Responsibilities
Analyzing requirements
Designing and Coding the application for all the layers (Presentation, Business and Data Access) according to use cases
Development ,Unit Testing and Integration Testing

Personal Information

Name : V.S. Sankararao Kondapalli
Father’s Name : Venkateswararao
Date of Birth : 25th August 1983
Address : V S Sankara Rao Kondapalli, S.R.Nagar,
Hyderabad.
Permanent Address : Ayodhyanagar, Jandrapet (post),
Chirala(Mandal), Prakasam (D.T).
Email Id’s : sivasankarmca20@gmail.com
sivasankar_mca@yahoo.co.in

1. Current CTC: 2.5 lakhs
2. Expected CTC: 3.5 lakhs
3. Notice Period: 1 month (negotiable)
4. Current Org: ATS TRANSLOGIC SYSTEMS
5. Current Location: Hyderabad
6. Qualification with passing year: MCA
7. Total Experience: 2.1 YEARS
8. Date of Birth: 25/08/1983

which year passed out and percentages

2009-10-23T05:25:00.000-07:00

ssc:
passout: Mar 98
Roll no : 0300511
Marks : 337 (56.6%)

Inter:
Mar 2000
5098817
626 (62.6%)

Degree:
Mar 04
Y13083071
1st year : 281 (56.2)
2nd year: 345 (67.5)
3rd year: 615 (76.87)
Total : 68%

P.G:
May 2007
50517020
73%

Passport : G1479246
Pan Card: BGWPK3217L

ajax using and webmethod usage

2009-09-16T04:31:00.000-07:00

ServicePath="~/Service/areasService.asmx" ServiceMethod="FindAreas" />

public class areasService : System.Web.Services.WebService
{

[WebMethod]
public String[] FindAreas(String prefixText, int count)
{
//return all records whose Title starts with the prefix input string
PhysicianDAO phyDao = new PhysicianDAO();
List titleArList = new List();
//string prefixText1 = Trim(prefixText);
Area[] areasList = phyDao.GetAreaList(prefixText);
foreach (Area area in areasList)
{
String strTemp = Convert.ToString(area.AreaName) + "," + Convert.ToString(area.State.StateCode);
titleArList.Add(strTemp);
}
return titleArList.ToArray();
}
}

Avian Genetics

2009-07-31T02:51:00.000-07:00

Avian Genetics
===============

total tabs

1. MY PROFILE
-> Change Password
-> Contact Information
2. VIEW MY ACCOUNT
-> Incomplete Orders
-> Recently Placed Orders
-> Orders History
3. ORDER NEW TESTS
-> Choose tests to order
-> Generate Sample Entry
-> Enter Sample Details
-> Save Order Details
-> Print Sample kit Labels
-> Enter Dispatch Details
4. SPECIES LIST
-> all species list

company photoes link

2009-07-21T22:59:00.000-07:00

http://picasaweb.google.co.uk/srinivas.udumudi/Srilakshmi?authkey=Gv1sRgCO2dyILRncy8hwE&feat=directlink

Access specifires in dotnet

2009-07-17T05:00:00.000-07:00

1. PUBLICAs the name specifies, it can be accessed from anywhere. If a member of a class is defined as public then it can be accessed anywhere in the class as well as outside the class. This means that objects can access and modify public fields, properties, methods.
2. PRIVATEAs the name suggests, it can't be accessed outside the class. Its the private property of the class and can be accessed only by the members of the class.
3. FRIEND/INTERNAL Friend & Internal mean the same. Friend is used in VB.NET. Internal is used in C#. Friends can be accessed by all classes within an assembly but not from outside the assembly.
4. PROTECTEDProtected variables can be used within the class as well as the classes that inherites this class.
5. PROTECTED FRIEND/PROTECTED INTERNALThe Protected Friend can be accessed by Members of the Assembly or the inheriting class, and ofcourse, within the class itself.

6. DEFAULTA Default property is a single property of a class that can be set as the default. This allows developers that use your class to work more easily with your default property because they do not need to make a direct reference to the property. Default properties cannot be initialized as Shared/Static or Private and all must be accepted at least on argument or parameter. Default properties do not promote good code readability, so use this option sparingly.

NormalForms and ddl,dcl,dml,tcl commands

2009-07-17T04:27:00.000-07:00

DDL : CREATE, ALTER, DROP
DML : INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
DCL : GRANT, REVOKE
TCL : COMMIT, SAVE POINT, ROLLBACK
DQL : SELECT
-- Normalization is a process of efficiently organizing data in the database.
-- goles of NF: There are two goals of the normalization process: eliminating redundant data (for example, storing the same data in more than one table) and ensuring data dependencies make sense (only storing related data in a table).
-- 1stNF : The first normal form (or 1NF) requires that the values in each column of a table are atomic. By atomic we mean that there are no sets of values within a column.
1NF --every row should be in atomic form....there should not be more than one value for an attribute in a row...
2NF --there should be no partial dependency. it means that there should be no dependency between part of a key to non-key. This does not happen if you choose a single attribute as your primary key.
3NF -- there should be no transitive dependecy. we can also say as there should be no Non-Key to Non-key dependency...
BCNF -- every determinant should be a candidate key.

to change aspx extension to .gt

2009-07-16T22:45:00.000-07:00

these changes enough to change ".aspx" extension to ".gt" in our application changes in web.config file add these

add entry in

//add extension=".gt" type="System.Web.Compilation.PageBuildProvider" //

in
buildProviders

then add

//add path="*.gt" verb="*" type="System.Web.UI.PageHandlerFactory" validate="true" //

entry in
httpHandlers

then change all .aspx extensions to .gt in our application. now .gt will work as .aspx

dynamically adding columns and values for a grid

2009-07-15T22:12:00.000-07:00

Dynamically adding columns and values for a grid
private void GetSamples()
{
Hashtable hashList = new Hashtable();
Hashtable rptDispHashList = new Hashtable();
IList reportRsltsList = _sampleUI.GetTestReportDetails(_caseId);
string ReferralNumber = "REF0710014";
DataTable dt = BuildDataTableHeader();
int fixedColCount=dt.Columns.Count;
dt = BuildDataTableHeaderForSampleParameter(ReferralNumber, dt);---------method used to add dynamic columns for a grid
dt = BuildDataTableHeaderForResultParameter(ReferralNumber, dt);
if(reportRsltsList.Count != 0)
{
foreach(IList reportList in reportRsltsList)
{
DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
ReportResult rptRsult = (ReportResult)reportList[0];
Test test = (Test)reportList[1];
Patient patient = (Patient)reportList[2];
string billingType = reportList[3].ToString();
//dt = BuildDataTableHeaderForSampleParameter(rptRsult.AccessionNo);
dr[5] = rptRsult.ReferralNo;
dr[6] = test.TestName;
dr[7] = patient.Name;
dr[2] = rptRsult.ReportResultCodes.ReportResultCode;
dr[1] = rptRsult.SampleStatus;
dr[3] = rptRsult.IsPrimary;
dr[8] = rptRsult.Id;
dr[0] = rptRsult.AccessionNo;
dr[9] = rptRsult.ReportDesc;
dr[10] = rptRsult.ReportResultCodes.ReportResultID;
dr[11] = rptRsult.ReportDispatch.RptDispatchId;
dr[12] = rptRsult.ReportDispatch.RptDispatchCode.RptDispatchId;
dr[13] = rptRsult.SampleTypeCode;
dr[14] = test.TestId;
dr[15] = billingType;
if (rptRsult.ReportDispatch.CourierRefferenceNo != "")
dr[19] = rptRsult.ReportDispatch.CourierRefferenceNo;
dr[20] = rptRsult.ReportDispatch.rptDispatchDate;
_SampleTypesHash = (Hashtable)Session[SessionGlobals.SAMPLE_TYPES_LIST];
if (_SampleTypesHash != null)
{
if (_SampleTypesHash.ContainsKey(rptRsult.SampleTypeCode.ToString()))
dr[16] = _SampleTypesHash[rptRsult.SampleTypeCode.ToString()].ToString();
}
_TestsListHash = (Hashtable)Session[SessionGlobals.CASE_TEST_LIST];
if (_TestsListHash != null)
{
if (_TestsListHash.ContainsKey(test.TestId.ToString()))
dr[17] = _TestsListHash[test.TestId.ToString()].ToString();
}
dr[4] = reportList[4].ToString();
dr[18] = Convert.ToInt32(reportList[5].ToString());
//to get all sample parameter values
int i = fixedColCount;
Parameter[] sampleParValues = _lmsUI.GetSampleParamValues(rptRsult.AccessionNo);
foreach (Parameter parSamValues in sampleParValues)----------Adding dynamic column values in a grid
{
dr[i] = parSamValues.ParameterValue;
i++;
}
Parameter[] resultParValues = _lmsUI.GetResultParamValues(rptRsult.AccessionNo);
foreach (Parameter parResultValues in resultParValues)
{
dr[i] = parResultValues.ParameterValue;
i++;
}
//end
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
if(!hashList.Contains(rptRsult.ReferralNo))
{
IList ilis = new ArrayList();
ilis.Add(test.TestId);
ilis.Add(rptRsult.SampleStatus);
ilis.Add(rptRsult.ReportResultCodes.ReportResultCode);
IList ilisT = new ArrayList();
ilisT.Add(ilis);
hashList.Add(rptRsult.ReferralNo, ilisT);
}
else
{
IList ilis = new ArrayList();
IList previousList = (IList)hashList[rptRsult.ReferralNo];
ilis.Add(test.TestId);
ilis.Add(rptRsult.SampleStatus);
ilis.Add(rptRsult.ReportResultCodes.ReportResultCode);
previousList.Add(ilis);
}
if(rptRsult.AccessionNo != "")
{
rptDispHashList.Add(rptRsult.AccessionNo, rptRsult.ReportDispatch);
}
}
uxSaveResultBtn.Enabled = true;
uxReportDelBtn.Enabled = false;
}
else
{
DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
uxSaveResultBtn.Enabled = false;
uxReportDelBtn.Enabled = false;
}
uxSampleGrid.DataSource = dt;
uxSampleGrid.DataBind();
ViewState["HashList"] = hashList;
ViewState["ReportDispatchHashList"] = rptDispHashList;
}

method for adding dynamic columns

private DataTable BuildDataTableHeaderForSampleParameter(string RefNo, DataTable dtable)
{
DataTable dt = dtable;
Parameter[] sampleParNames = _lmsUI.GetSampleParamNames(RefNo);
foreach (Parameter p in sampleParNames)
{
string parName=p.ParameterName;
DataColumn datCol = new DataColumn(parName, System.Type.GetType("System.String"));
dt.Columns.Add(datCol);
}
return dt;
}

using "hashtable" and getting values in .cs file

2009-07-15T22:08:00.001-07:00

hashtable at "dao"
public Hashtable GetEmpGroups(string emploginId)
{
Hashtable hashEmpGroups = new Hashtable();
SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(_connStr);
StringBuilder gname = new StringBuilder();
StringBuilder id = new StringBuilder();
string sqlQury = "SELECT LG.GROUP_NAME,LEG.GROUP_ID FROM LMS_EMP_GROUP LEG LEFT JOIN LMS_GROUP LG ON LEG.GROUP_ID=LG.GROUP_ID WHERE EMP_LOGIN_ID='" + emploginId + "'";
try
{
conn.Open();
SqlDataReader dr = SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(_connStr, CommandType.Text, sqlQury);
while (dr.Read())
{
if (gname.ToString() == "")
{
gname.Append(dr[0].ToString());
id.Append(dr[1].ToString());
}
else
{
gname.Append("," + dr[0].ToString());
id.Append("," + dr[1].ToString());
}
}
hashEmpGroups.Add("Groups", gname);
hashEmpGroups.Add("GroupIds", id);
dr.Close();
dr.Dispose();
return hashEmpGroups;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new ApplicationException(ex.Message);
}
finally
{
conn.Close();
conn.Dispose();
}
}

getting hashtable values at .cs file
Hashtable groupnames=GetEmpGroups(emp.EmpLoginId);
dr[3] = groupnames["Groups"].ToString();

dynamically creating controls based on "db" values

2009-07-15T22:05:00.000-07:00

int testId = Convert.ToInt32(uxTestId.Value);
string accessionNo = uxHidAccessNo.Value;
IList ListData = new ArrayList();
IList valueData = new ArrayList();
ListData = _lmsUI.getDataReqAtSamCollectionDetailsListForResultPopup(testId);
valueData = _lmsUI.getDataReqAtSampleCollectionValueListRorResultPopup(accessionNo);
int i = 0;
foreach (DataRequiredAtSampleCollection samData in ListData)
{
string[] sd = null;
Label l1 = new Label();
l1.ID = "uxLbl1" + i;
l1.Text = samData.ParameterName;
Label l2 = new Label();
l2.Text = samData.ParameterId.ToString();
l2.Visible = false;
TextBox t1 = new TextBox();
t1.ID = "uxValueTxt" + i;
if (samData.DataType == "LargeText")
{
t1.TextMode = TextBoxMode.MultiLine;
t1.Width = 200;
t1.Height = 50;
t1.Font.Size = 8;
}
if (samData.DataType == "Text" samData.DataType == "Number" samData.DataType == "LargeText")
{
foreach (DataRequiredAtSampleCollection value in valueData)
{
if (samData.ParameterId == value.ParameterId)
{
t1.Text = value.Value;
}
}
}
if (samData.DataType == "Number")
{
t1.Attributes.Add("OnKeyPress", "showValues();");
}
DropDownList drop = new DropDownList();
drop.Width = 155;
drop.ID = "uxValueDdl" + i;
if (samData.Value != "")
{
sd = samData.Value.Split(',');
int k = 0;
foreach (string s in sd)
{
if (s != "")
{
drop.Items.Insert(k, s);
k++;
}
}
drop.Items.Insert(0, "");
foreach (DataRequiredAtSampleCollection value in valueData)
{
if (samData.ParameterId == value.ParameterId)
{
drop.SelectedItem.Text = value.Value.Trim();
}
}
}
TableCell tcell1 = new TableCell();
tcell1.Controls.Add(l1);
TableCell tcell2 = new TableCell();
tcell2.Controls.Add(l2);
TableCell tcell3 = new TableCell();
if (samData.DataType != "List")
{
tcell3.Controls.Add(t1);
}
else
{
tcell3.Controls.Add(drop);
}
TableRow tr1 = new TableRow();
tr1.Cells.Add(tcell1);
tr1.Cells.Add(tcell2);
tr1.Cells.Add(tcell3);
uxDynamicTb.Controls.Add(tr1);
uxSaveBtn.Visible = true;
uxCancelBtn.Visible = true;
i++;
}

dynamically created controls finding method

2009-07-15T22:02:00.000-07:00

function call
===========
IterateControls(this);

method implementaion
==================
private void IterateControls(Control parent)
{
foreach (Control child in parent.Controls)
{
if (child.GetType().ToString().Equals("System.Web.UI.WebControls.TextBox") && child.ID.IndexOf("uxValueTxt") == 0)
{
TextBox textbox = (TextBox)child;
_textString += textbox.Text + ",";
}
else
if (child.GetType().ToString().Equals("System.Web.UI.WebControls.DropDownList") && child.ID.IndexOf("uxValueDdl") == 0)
{
DropDownList dropdown = (DropDownList)child;
if (dropdown.Items.Count != 0)
{
_textString += dropdown.SelectedItem.Text + ",";
}
}
if (child.Controls.Count > 0)
{
IterateControls(child);
}
}
uxHidTextString.Value = _textString;
}

All types of joins

2009-07-13T06:56:00.000-07:00

There are six type of join in SQL 2000
1) INNER JOIN
2) OUTER JOIN
3) CROSS JOIN
4) EQUI JOIN
5) NATURAL JOIN
6) SELF JOIN
1) INNER JOIN :- PRODUCESS THE RESULT SET OF MATCHING ROWS
ONLY FROM THE SPECIFIED TABLES.
EXAMPLE---
SELECT COLUMN_LIST FROM 1ST_TABLE_NAME JOIN 2ND_TABLE_NAME
ON
1ST_TABLE_NAME.MATCING_COLUMN=2ND_TABLE_NAME.MATCING_COLUMN
2) OUTER JOIN :- DISPLAY ALL THE ROWS FROM THE FIRST TABLE
AND MATCHING ROWS FROM THE SECOND TABLE.
EXAMPLE---
SELECT COLUMN_LIST FROM 1ST_TABLE_NAME OUTER JOIN
2ND_TABLE_NAME
ON
1ST_TABLE_NAME.MATCING_COLUMN=2ND_TABLE_NAME.MATCING_COLUMN

THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF OUTER JOIN:
A)LEFT OUTER JOIN.
B)RIGHT OUTER JOIN.
C)FULL OUTER JOIN
A)LFET OUTER JOIN :- DISPLAYS ALL THE ROWS FROM THE FIRST
TABLE AND MATCHING ROWS FROM THE
SECOND TABLE.
EXAMPLE---
SELECT COLUMN_LIST FROM 1ST_TABLE_NAME LEFT OUTER JOIN
2ND_TABLE_NAME ON
1ST_TABLE_NAME.MATCING_COLUMN=2ND_TABLE_NAME.MATCING_COLUMN
A)RIGHT OUTER JOIN :- DISPLAYS ALL THE ROWS FROM THE
SECOND TABLE AND MATCHING ROWS FROM
THE FIRST TABLE.
EXAMPLE---
SELECT COLUMN_LIST FROM 1ST_TABLE_NAME RIGHT OUTER JOIN
2ND_TABLE_NAME ON
1ST_TABLE_NAME.MATCING_COLUMN=2ND_TABLE_NAME.MATCING_COLUMN
A)FULL OUTER JOIN :- DISPLAYS ALL MATCHING AND NONMATCHING
ROWS OF BOTH THE TABLES.
EXAMPLE---
SELECT COLUMN_LIST FROM 1ST_TABLE_NAME FULL OUTER JOIN
2ND_TABLE_NAME ON
1ST_TABLE_NAME.MATCING_COLUMN=2ND_TABLE_NAME.MATCING_COLUMN
3)CROSS JOIN :- IN THIS TYPE OF JOIN, EACH ROWS FROM THE
JOIN WITH EACH ROWS FROM THE SECOND TABLE
WITHOUT ANY CONDTION.
ALSO CALLED AS CARTESIAN PRODUCT.
EXAMPLE---
SELECT COLUMN_LIST FROM 1ST_TABLE_NAME CROSS JOIN
2ND_TABLE_NAME
4) EQUI JOIN :- DISPLAYS ALL THE MATHCING ROWS FROM JOINED
TABLE. AND ALSO DISPLAYS REDUNDANT VALUES.
IN THIS WE USE * SIGN TO JOIN THE TABLE.
EXAMPLE---
SELECT * FROM 1ST_TABLE_NAME JOIN 2ND_TABLE_NAME
ON
1ST_TABLE_NAME.MATCING_COLUMN=2ND_TABLE_NAME.MATCING_COLUMN

5)NATURAL JOIN :- DISPLAYS ALL THE MATHCING ROWS FROM
JOINED TABLE.IT RESTRICT
REDUNDANT VALUES.
6)SELF JOIN :- IN THIS TABLE JOIN WITH ITSELF WITH
DIFFERENT ALIAS NAME.
ASSUME DEPARTMENT IS A TABLE:
SELECT A.DEP_NAME,B.MANAGER_ID(COLUMN LIST) FROM DEPARTMENT
A JOIN
DEPARTMENT B
ON A.MANAGER_ID=B.MANAGER_ID

stored procedure2

2009-07-10T06:42:00.001-07:00

USE [LMS_Sankar]
GO
/****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[CloseFollowups] Script Date: 07/10/2009 19:08:32 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
-- =============================================
-- Author:
-- Create date:
-- Description:
-- =============================================
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[CloseFollowups]
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @itemId INT
DECLARE @insertQuery NVARCHAR(4000)
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE closeFollowupsCursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT ITEM_ID FROM LMS_FOLLOWUP_ITEM WHERE ASSIGNED_TO = 'KALAGA' AND ITEM_DESC LIKE '%CARD%' AND STATUS_ID = 1
OPEN closeFollowupsCursor
FETCH NEXT FROM closeFollowupsCursor INTO @itemId
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
BEGIN TRAN
INSERT INTO LMS_FOLLOWUP_DETAILS (DETAILS, ITEM_ID, ENTERED_DATE, ENTERED_BY, FOLLOWUP_ACTION)
VALUES('CANCELED',@itemId,GETDATE(),'KALAGA',3)
IF (@@ERROR <> 0) GOTO ERR_HANDLER

UPDATE LMS_FOLLOWUP_ITEM SET STATUS_ID=2 WHERE ITEM_ID=@itemId
IF (@@ERROR <> 0) GOTO ERR_HANDLER
COMMIT TRAN
FETCH NEXT FROM closeFollowupsCursor INTO @itemId
END
CLOSE closeFollowupsCursor
DEALLOCATE closeFollowupsCursor
RETURN 0
ERR_HANDLER:
CLOSE closeFollowupsCursor
DEALLOCATE closeFollowupsCursor
ROLLBACK TRAN
RETURN 1
END

stored procedures

2009-07-10T06:41:00.001-07:00

USE [LMS_Sankar]
GO
/****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[GenerateAccessNoForNewSamples] Script Date: 07/10/2009 19:05:28 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[GenerateAccessNoForNewSamples]
@refTestId INT,@SAMPLECODE VARCHAR(50),@testId varchar(50),@retAccessNo varchar(50) OUTPUT
AS
BEGIN
DECLARE @testCode VARCHAR(10)
DECLARE @accessNo VARCHAR(20)
DECLARE @maxNo VARCHAR(10)
DECLARE @year VARCHAR(2)
DECLARE @month VARCHAR(2)
DECLARE @monthAlphabet CHAR(1)

SET @year = SUBSTRING(CAST(YEAR(GETDATE()) AS VARCHAR),3,2);
SET @month = MONTH(GETDATE());
SET @monthAlphabet = CASE CAST(@month AS INT)
WHEN 1 THEN 'A'
WHEN 2 THEN 'B'
WHEN 3 THEN 'C'
WHEN 4 THEN 'D'
WHEN 5 THEN 'E'
WHEN 6 THEN 'F'
WHEN 7 THEN 'G'
WHEN 8 THEN 'H'
WHEN 9 THEN 'I'
WHEN 10 THEN 'J'
WHEN 11 THEN 'K'
WHEN 12 THEN 'L'
END
DECLARE testCodeCur CURSOR FOR
SELECT TEST_CODE FROM LMS_TEST WHERE TEST_ID=@testId
OPEN testCodeCur
FETCH NEXT FROM testCodeCur INTO @testCode
CLOSE testCodeCur
DEALLOCATE testCodeCur
SET @accessNo = @SAMPLECODE + @testCode + @year;
DECLARE getMaxAccNoCur1 CURSOR FOR
-- Query to get Max Number
SELECT MAX(CAST(SUBSTRING(ACCESS_NO,LEN(@accessNo + @monthAlphabet)+1,(LEN(ACCESS_NO)-LEN(@accessNo + @monthAlphabet))) AS INT))+1 AS MaxNo
FROM LMS_REFERRAL_SAMPLE
WHERE ACCESS_NO LIKE ''+ @accessNo + @monthAlphabet +'%'
OPEN getMaxAccNoCur1
FETCH NEXT FROM getMaxAccNoCur1 INTO @maxNo
CLOSE getMaxAccNoCur1
DEALLOCATE getMaxAccNoCur1
IF (@maxNo IS NULL)
BEGIN
IF CAST(@month AS INT) < 10
BEGIN
SET @month = '0' + @month;
END
DECLARE getMaxAccNoCur2 CURSOR FOR
-- Query to get Max Number
SELECT MAX(CAST(SUBSTRING(ACCESS_NO,LEN(@accessNo + @month)+1,(LEN(ACCESS_NO)-LEN(@accessNo + @month))) AS INT))+1 AS MaxNo
FROM LMS_REFERRAL_SAMPLE
WHERE ACCESS_NO LIKE ''+ @accessNo + @month +'%'
OPEN getMaxAccNoCur2
FETCH NEXT FROM getMaxAccNoCur2 INTO @maxNo
CLOSE getMaxAccNoCur2
DEALLOCATE getMaxAccNoCur2
IF (@maxNo IS NULL OR @maxNo < 1)
BEGIN
SET @maxNo = 1;
END
END
SET @accessNo = @accessNo + @monthAlphabet + @maxNo;
-- Insert new Accession Number for each sample
INSERT INTO LMS_REFERRAL_SAMPLE(ACCESS_NO, REFERRAL_TEST_ID, STATUS,SAMPLE_TYPE_CODE)
VALUES('' + @accessNo + '', CAST(@refTestId AS NUMERIC), 'Sample yet to Received', '' + @SAMPLECODE + '')
IF (@@ERROR <> 0) GOTO ERR_HANDLER
INSERT INTO LMS_SAMPLE_DETAILS(ACCESS_NO) VALUES('' + @accessNo + '')
IF (@@ERROR <> 0) GOTO ERR_HANDLER

END
SET @retAccessNo = @accessNo
RETURN 0

ERR_HANDLER:
SET @retAccessNo= 'FAILED';
RETURN 1

srilakshmi interview questions

2009-07-05T21:56:00.000-07:00

dotnet======
a)Difference between abstract class and interface class.
b)oops concepts.
c)boxing and unboxing.
d)client architecture
sql===
1)Normalization forms.
2)about sql server 2000,slq server 2005
3)triggers,procedures,views
4)GroupBy and having function
5)Aggregate functions in sql
6)joins - left,right,self,inner

new questions

1)how do you pass the parameters to other page thru get and post methods
2)how do you pass the parameters to other pages using ajax
3)what type collections are there in dotnet
4)what are bobs in sql
5)can you maintain lists in sqlserver
6)session management
7)lifecycle of page
8)lifecycle of session
9)how do you mention cookie in dotnet,how to create and use it

b'days

2009-06-29T06:01:00.001-07:00

Gupta--------------> Jan 1St
Bharani -----------> may19th
Prasanth-----------> 2 days before vinayakachaviti
Pradeep -----------> July 23
Ravi---------------> Aug 30 th
Madhu -------------> jan 23
Reliance ----------> june 20
Srikanth(potti)----> may 7th
padma akka marriage day------------>may 28/05/2005
kavya b'day--------->nov 4th
puri b'day----------> nov 20th

howto-restore-your-old-emails

2009-06-29T05:57:00.000-07:00

If the user suddenly lost his/her mails, check whether user's Z drive is accessible or not, if Z drive is not accessible check the network cable connection and restart the system. Still Z drive is not available, consult the System Administrator immediately.
If Z drive is available then only do the following to change the outlook express's store folder location to Z drive
1.start Outlook Express(OE), goto tools->options->maintenance->store folder, please write down the path given there.
For winNT the path will look like, C:\WINNT\Profiles\ \Application Data\Identities\ \Microsoft\Outlook ExpressFor Windows XP the will look like, C:\Documents and Settings\ \Local Settings\Application Data\Identities\ \Microsoft\Outlook Express
We need to recover messages form the above store folder location if new messages were downloaded there.
2.Close OE
3.open registry edit by startMenu->run->regedit->ok.
4.On the left panel, goto My Computer->HKEY_CURRENT_USER->Identities->" Identity no. shown in above store folder " ->Software -> Microsoft-> Outlook Express -> 5.0
5.Choose Store Root on the right panel, and double cilck on it.
6.Delete the value data if it is pointing to "C drive" or "%%user name%%...".
7.Enter new store folder value as "z:\oemails" for windows XP or "z:\\oemails" for windows NT.
8.To check the Address book location, in the left panel of registry edit, goto My Computer->HKEY_CURRENT_USER->Software->Microsoft->WAB->WAB4->Wab file name. On the right panel choose Default..check the value data..if it is pointing to "C drive" or "%%User name%% ", delete it and enter value as "z:\\oeaddressbook\.wab" for windows NT or "z:\oeaddressbook\.wab" for windows XP
9.Close Registry Editor
If any mails were downloaded in the old store folder, they need to be recovered. Follow the steps1.start OE2.check the store folder by going to tools->options->maintenance->store folder. It should be pointing to your Z drive. If it is not pointing to Z drive then do the above given steps to change the store folder location to Z drive.3.come back to default Outlook Express interface, then go to File->Import->messages->Outlook Express 6 -> Import mail from an OE6 store directory-> "OK" -> "browse"-> "browse to the previously taken store folder path"->next->choose the desired email folders that needs to imported->next->Finish.Note: if you can't see the required folders in the browse list, go to "windows explorer->view->Options and enable "Show all files""Note:If you get any error messages while importing mails from the old store folder, please consult the System Administrator

valuelabs questions

2009-06-29T02:49:00.000-07:00

1) fill dataview and updated the database from dataview
2) write a method to open file and write the data
3) emp,department asked emp details coressponding depatment
4) ajax
5) nth max sal

quesitions2

2009-06-29T02:18:00.001-07:00

What is the .NET Framework?
The Microsoft .NET Framework is a platform for building, deploying, and running Web Services and applications. It provides a highly productive, standards-based, multi-language environment for integrating existing investments with next-generation applications and services as well as the agility to solve the challenges of deployment and operation of Internet-scale applications. The .NET Framework consists of three main parts: the common language runtime, a hierarchical set of unified class libraries, and a componentized version of Active Server Pages called ASP.NET.
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Runtime Technical Questions
Terminology
What is the common language runtime (CLR)?
The common language runtime is the execution engine for .NET Framework applications.
It provides a number of services, including the following:
· Code management (loading and execution)
· Application memory isolation
· Verification of type safety
· Conversion of IL to native code
· Access to metadata (enhanced type information)
· Managing memory for managed objects
· Enforcement of code access security
· Exception handling, including cross-language exceptions
· Interoperation between managed code, COM objects, and pre-existing DLLs (unmanaged code and data)
· Automation of object layout
· Support for developer services (profiling, debugging, and so on)
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What is the common type system (CTS)?
The common type system is a rich type system, built into the common language runtime, that supports the types and operations found in most programming languages. The common type system supports the complete implementation of a wide range of programming languages.
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What is the Common Language Specification (CLS)?
The Common Language Specification is a set of constructs and constraints that serves as a guide for library writers and compiler writers. It allows libraries to be fully usable from any language supporting the CLS, and for those languages to integrate with each other. The Common Language Specification is a subset of the common type system. The Common Language Specification is also important to application developers who are writing code that will be used by other developers. When developers design publicly accessible APIs following the rules of the CLS, those APIs are easily used from all other programming languages that target the common language runtime.
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What is the Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL)?
MSIL is the CPU-independent instruction set into which .NET Framework programs are compiled. It contains instructions for loading, storing, initializing, and calling methods on objects.
Combined with metadata and the common type system, MSIL allows for true cross-language integration.
Prior to execution, MSIL is converted to machine code. It is not interpreted.
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What is managed code and managed data?
Managed code is code that is written to target the services of the common language runtime (see What is the Common Language Runtime?). In order to target these services, the code must provide a minimum level of information (metadata) to the runtime. All C#, Visual Basic .NET, and JScript .NET code is managed by default. Visual Studio .NET C++ code is not managed by default, but the compiler can produce managed code by specifying a command-line switch (/CLR).
Closely related to managed code is managed data—data that is allocated and de-allocated by the common language runtime's garbage collector. C#, Visual Basic, and JScript .NET data is managed by default. C# data can, however, be marked as unmanaged through the use of special keywords. Visual Studio .NET C++ data is unmanaged by default (even when using the /CLR switch), but when using Managed Extensions for C++, a class can be marked as managed by using the __gc keyword. As the name suggests, this means that the memory for instances of the class is managed by the garbage collector. In addition, the class becomes a full participating member of the .NET Framework community, with the benefits and restrictions that brings. An example of a benefit is proper interoperability with classes written in other languages (for example, a managed C++ class can inherit from a Visual Basic class). An example of a restriction is that a managed class can only inherit from one base class.
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Assemblies
What is an assembly?
An assembly is the primary building block of a .NET Framework application. It is a collection of functionality that is built, versioned, and deployed as a single implementation unit (as one or more files). All managed types and resources are marked either as accessible only within their implementation unit, or as accessible by code outside that unit.
Assemblies are self-describing by means of their manifest, which is an integral part of every assembly. The manifest:
· Establishes the assembly identity (in the form of a text name), version, culture, and digital signature (if the assembly is to be shared across applications).
· Defines what files (by name and file hash) make up the assembly implementation.
· Specifies the types and resources that make up the assembly, including which are exported from the assembly.
· Itemizes the compile-time dependencies on other assemblies.
· Specifies the set of permissions required for the assembly to run properly.
This information is used at run time to resolve references, enforce version binding policy, and validate the integrity of loaded assemblies. The runtime can determine and locate the assembly for any running object, since every type is loaded in the context of an assembly. Assemblies are also the unit at which code access security permissions are applied. The identity evidence for each assembly is considered separately when determining what permissions to grant the code it contains.
The self-describing nature of assemblies also helps makes zero-impact install and XCOPY deployment feasible.
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What are private assemblies and shared assemblies?
A private assembly is used only by a single application, and is stored in that application's install directory (or a subdirectory therein). A shared assembly is one that can be referenced by more than one application. In order to share an assembly, the assembly must be explicitly built for this purpose by giving it a cryptographically strong name (referred to as a strong name). By contrast, a private assembly name need only be unique within the application that uses it.
By making a distinction between private and shared assemblies, we introduce the notion of sharing as an explicit decision. Simply by deploying private assemblies to an application directory, you can guarantee that that application will run only with the bits it was built and deployed with. References to private assemblies will only be resolved locally to the private application directory.
There are several reasons you may elect to build and use shared assemblies, such as the ability to express version policy. The fact that shared assemblies have a cryptographically strong name means that only the author of the assembly has the key to produce a new version of that assembly. Thus, if you make a policy statement that says you want to accept a new version of an assembly, you can have some confidence that version updates will be controlled and verified by the author. Otherwise, you don't have to accept them.
For locally installed applications, a shared assembly is typically explicitly installed into the global assembly cache (a local cache of assemblies maintained by the .NET Framework). Key to the version management features of the .NET Framework is that downloaded code does not affect the execution of locally installed applications. Downloaded code is put in a special download cache and is not globally available on the machine even if some of the downloaded components are built as shared assemblies.
The classes that ship with the .NET Framework are all built as shared assemblies.
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If I want to build a shared assembly, does that require the overhead of signing and managing key pairs?
Building a shared assembly does involve working with cryptographic keys. Only the public key is strictly needed when the assembly is being built. Compilers targeting the .NET Framework provide command line options (or use custom attributes) for supplying the public key when building the assembly. It is common to keep a copy of a common public key in a source database and point build scripts to this key. Before the assembly is shipped, the assembly must be fully signed with the corresponding private key. This is done using an SDK tool called SN.exe (Strong Name).
Strong name signing does not involve certificates like Authenticode does. There are no third party organizations involved, no fees to pay, and no certificate chains. In addition, the overhead for verifying a strong name is much less than it is for Authenticode. However, strong names do not make any statements about trusting a particular publisher. Strong names allow you to ensure that the contents of a given assembly haven't been tampered with, and that the assembly loaded on your behalf at run time comes from the same publisher as the one you developed against. But it makes no statement about whether you can trust the identity of that publisher.
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What is the difference between a namespace and an assembly name?
A namespace is a logical naming scheme for types in which a simple type name, such as MyType, is preceded with a dot-separated hierarchical name. Such a naming scheme is completely under the control of the developer. For example, types MyCompany.FileAccess.A and MyCompany.FileAccess.B might be logically expected to have functionality related to file access. The .NET Framework uses a hierarchical naming scheme for grouping types into logical categories of related functionality, such as the Microsoft® ASP.NET application framework, or remoting functionality. Design tools can make use of namespaces to make it easier for developers to browse and reference types in their code. The concept of a namespace is not related to that of an assembly. A single assembly may contain types whose hierarchical names have different namespace roots, and a logical namespace root may span multiple assemblies. In the .NET Framework, a namespace is a logical design-time naming convenience, whereas an assembly establishes the name scope for types at run time.
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Application Deployment and Isolation
What options are available to deploy my .NET applications?
The .NET Framework simplifies deployment by making zero-impact install and XCOPY deployment of applications feasible. Because all requests are resolved first to the private application directory, simply copying an application's directory files to disk is all that is needed to run the application. No registration is required.
This scenario is particularly compelling for Web applications, Web Services, and self-contained desktop applications. However, there are scenarios where XCOPY is not sufficient as a distribution mechanism. An example is when the application has little private code and relies on the availability of shared assemblies, or when the application is not locally installed (but rather downloaded on demand). For these cases, the .NET Framework provides extensive code download services and integration with the Windows Installer. The code download support provided by the .NET Framework offers several advantages over current platforms, including incremental download, code access security (no more Authenticode dialogs), and application isolation (code downloaded on behalf of one application doesn't affect other applications). The Windows Installer is another powerful deployment mechanism available to .NET applications. All of the features of Windows Installer, including publishing, advertisement, and application repair will be available to .NET applications in Windows Installer 2.0.
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I've written an assembly that I want to use in more than one application. Where do I deploy it?
Assemblies that are to be used by multiple applications (for example, shared assemblies) are deployed to the global assembly cache. In the prerelease and Beta builds, use the /i option to the GACUtil SDK tool to install an assembly into the cache:gacutil /i myDll.dll
Windows Installer 2.0, which ships with Windows XP and Visual Studio .NET will be able to install assemblies into the global assembly cache.
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How can I see what assemblies are installed in the global assembly cache?
The .NET Framework ships with a Windows shell extension for viewing the assembly cache. Navigating to % windir%\assembly with the Windows Explorer activates the viewer.
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What is an application domain?
An application domain (often AppDomain) is a virtual process that serves to isolate an application. All objects created within the same application scope (in other words, anywhere along the sequence of object activations beginning with the application entry point) are created within the same application domain. Multiple application domains can exist in a single operating system process, making them a lightweight means of application isolation.
An OS process provides isolation by having a distinct memory address space. While this is effective, it is also expensive, and does not scale to the numbers required for large web servers. The Common Language Runtime, on the other hand, enforces application isolation by managing the memory use of code running within the application domain. This ensures that it does not access memory outside the boundaries of the domain. It is important to note that only type-safe code can be managed in this way (the runtime cannot guarantee isolation when unsafe code is loaded in an application domain).
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Garbage Collection
What is garbage collection?
Garbage collection is a mechanism that allows the computer to detect when an object can no longer be accessed. It then automatically releases the memory used by that object (as well as calling a clean-up routine, called a "finalizer," which is written by the user). Some garbage collectors, like the one used by .NET, compact memory and therefore decrease your program's working set.
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How does non-deterministic garbage collection affect my code?
For most programmers, having a garbage collector (and using garbage collected objects) means that you never have to worry about deallocating memory, or reference counting objects, even if you use sophisticated data structures. It does require some changes in coding style, however, if you typically deallocate system resources (file handles, locks, and so forth) in the same block of code that releases the memory for an object. With a garbage collected object you should provide a method that releases the system resources deterministically (that is, under your program control) and let the garbage collector release the memory when it compacts the working set.
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Can I avoid using the garbage collected heap?
All languages that target the runtime allow you to allocate class objects from the garbage-collected heap. This brings benefits in terms of fast allocation, and avoids the need for programmers to work out when they should explicitly 'free' each object.
The CLR also provides what are called ValueTypes—these are like classes, except that ValueType objects are allocated on the runtime stack (rather than the heap), and therefore reclaimed automatically when your code exits the procedure in which they are defined. This is how "structs" in C# operate.
Managed Extensions to C++ lets you choose where class objects are allocated. If declared as managed Classes, with the __gc keyword, then they are allocated from the garbage-collected heap. If they don't include the __gc keyword, they behave like regular C++ objects, allocated from the C++ heap, and freed explicitly with the "free" method.
For additional information about Garbage Collection see:
· Garbage Collection: Automatic Memory Management in the Microsoft .NET Framework
· Garbage Collection, Part 2: Automatic Memory Management in the Microsoft .NET Framework
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Remoting
How do in-process and cross-process communication work in the Common Language Runtime?
There are two aspects to in-process communication: between contexts within a single application domain, or across application domains. Between contexts in the same application domain, proxies are used as an interception mechanism. No marshaling/serialization is involved. When crossing application domains, we do marshaling/serialization using the runtime binary protocol.
Cross-process communication uses a pluggable channel and formatter protocol, each suited to a specific purpose.
· If the developer specifies an endpoint using the tool soapsuds.exe to generate a metadata proxy, HTTP channel with SOAP formatter is the default.
· If a developer is doing explicit remoting in the managed world, it is necessary to be explicit about what channel and formatter to use. This may be expressed administratively, through configuration files, or with API calls to load specific channels. Options are:
HTTP channel w/ SOAP formatter (HTTP works well on the Internet, or anytime traffic must travel through firewalls)
TCP channel w/ binary formatter (TCP is a higher performance option for local-area networks (LANs))
When making transitions between managed and unmanaged code, the COM infrastructure (specifically, DCOM) is used for remoting. In interim releases of the CLR, this applies also to serviced components (components that use COM+ services). Upon final release, it should be possible to configure any remotable component.
Distributed garbage collection of objects is managed by a system called "leased based lifetime." Each object has a lease time, and when that time expires, the object is disconnected from the remoting infrastructure of the CLR. Objects have a default renew time-the lease is renewed when a successful call is made from the client to the object. The client can also explicitly renew the lease.
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Interoperability
Can I use COM objects from a .NET Framework program?
Yes. Any COM component you have deployed today can be used from managed code, and in common cases the adaptation is totally automatic.
Specifically, COM components are accessed from the .NET Framework by use of a runtime callable wrapper (RCW). This wrapper turns the COM interfaces exposed by the COM component into .NET Framework-compatible interfaces. For OLE automation interfaces, the RCW can be generated automatically from a type library. For non-OLE automation interfaces, a developer may write a custom RCW and manually map the types exposed by the COM interface to .NET Framework-compatible types.
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Can .NET Framework components be used from a COM program?
Yes. Managed types you build today can be made accessible from COM, and in the common case the configuration is totally automatic. There are certain new features of the managed development environment that are not accessible from COM. For example, static methods and parameterized constructors cannot be used from COM. In general, it is a good idea to decide in advance who the intended user of a given type will be. If the type is to be used from COM, you may be restricted to using those features that are COM accessible.
Depending on the language used to write the managed type, it may or may not be visible by default.
Specifically, .NET Framework components are accessed from COM by using a COM callable wrapper (CCW). This is similar to an RCW (see previous question), but works in the opposite direction. Again, if the .NET Framework development tools cannot automatically generate the wrapper, or if the automatic behavior is not what you want, a custom CCW can be developed.
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Can I use the Win32 API from a .NET Framework program?
Yes. Using platform invoke, .NET Framework programs can access native code libraries by means of static DLL entry points.
Here is an example of C# calling the Win32 MessageBox function: using System; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; class MainApp { [DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint="MessageBox")] public static extern int MessageBox(int hWnd, String strMessage, String strCaption, uint uiType); public static void Main() { MessageBox( 0, "Hello, this is PInvoke in operation!", ".NET", 0 ); } }

out and ref

2009-06-29T02:15:00.002-07:00

The out and the ref parameters are used to return values in the same variables, that you pass an an argument of a method. These both parameters are very useful when your method needs to return more than one values.
In this article, I will explain how do you use these parameters in your C# applications.
The out Parameter
The out parameter can be used to return the values in the same variable passed as a parameter of the method. Any changes made to the parameter will be reflected in the variable.
public class mathClass{ public static int TestOut(out int iVal1, out int iVal2) { iVal1 = 10; iVal2 = 20; return 0; }
public static void Main(){ int i, j; // variable need not be initialized Console.WriteLine(TestOut(out i, out j)); Console.WriteLine(i); Console.WriteLine(j);}}
The ref parameter
The ref keyword on a method parameter causes a method to refer to the same variable that was passed as an input parameter for the same method. If you do any changes to the variable, they will be reflected in the variable.
You can even use ref for more than one method parameters.
namespace TestRefP
{
using System;
public class myClass
{

public static void RefTest(ref int iVal1 )
{
iVal1 += 2;

}
public static void Main()
{
int i; // variable need to be initialized
i = 3;

RefTest(ref i );
Console.WriteLine(i);

}
}
}

remoting interview qc

2009-06-29T02:15:00.001-07:00

Interview Questions
.NET Remoting

What’s a Windows process? It’s an application that’s running and had been allocated memory.
What’s typical about a Windows process in regards to memory allocation? Each process is allocated its own block of available RAM space, no process can access another process’ code or data. If the process crashes, it dies alone without taking the entire OS or a bunch of other applications down.
Why do you call it a process? What’s different between process and application in .NET, not common computer usage, terminology? A process is an instance of a running application. An application is an executable on the hard drive or network. There can be numerous processes launched of the same application (5 copies of Word running), but 1 process can run just 1 application.
What distributed process frameworks outside .NET do you know? Distributed Computing Environment/Remote Procedure Calls (DEC/RPC), Microsoft Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM), Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), and Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI).
What are possible implementations of distributed applications in .NET? .NET Remoting and ASP.NET Web Services. If we talk about the Framework Class Library, noteworthy classes are in System.Runtime.Remoting and System.Web.Services.
When would you use .NET Remoting and when Web services? Use remoting for more efficient exchange of information when you control both ends of the application. Use Web services for open-protocol-based information exchange when you are just a client or a server with the other end belonging to someone else.
What’s a proxy of the server object in .NET Remoting? It’s a fake copy of the server object that resides on the client side and behaves as if it was the server. It handles the communication between real server object and the client object. This process is also known as marshaling.
What are remotable objects in .NET Remoting? Remotable objects are the objects that can be marshaled across the application domains. You can marshal by value, where a deep copy of the object is created and then passed to the receiver. You can also marshal by reference, where just a reference to an existing object is passed.
What are channels in .NET Remoting? Channels represent the objects that transfer the other serialized objects from one application domain to another and from one computer to another, as well as one process to another on the same box. A channel must exist before an object can be transferred.
What security measures exist for .NET Remoting in System.Runtime.Remoting? None. Security should be taken care of at the application level. Cryptography and other security techniques can be applied at application or server level.
What is a formatter? A formatter is an object that is responsible for encoding and serializing data into messages on one end, and deserializing and decoding messages into data on the other end.
Choosing between HTTP and TCP for protocols and Binary and SOAP for formatters, what are the trade-offs? Binary over TCP is the most effiecient, SOAP over HTTP is the most interoperable.
What’s SingleCall activation mode used for? If the server object is instantiated for responding to just one single request, the request should be made in SingleCall mode.
What’s Singleton activation mode? A single object is instantiated regardless of the number of clients accessing it. Lifetime of this object is determined by lifetime lease.
How do you define the lease of the object? By implementing ILease interface when writing the class code.
Can you configure a .NET Remoting object via XML file? Yes, via machine.config and application level .config file (or web.config in ASP.NET). Application-level XML settings take precedence over machine.config.
How can you automatically generate interface for the remotable object in .NET with Microsoft tools? Use the Soapsuds tool.

C# interview qc

2009-06-29T02:14:00.000-07:00

Interview Questions
C#

What’s the implicit name of the parameter that gets passed into the class’ set method? Value, and its datatype depends on whatever variable we’re changing.
How do you inherit from a class in C#? Place a colon and then the name of the base class. Notice that it’s double colon in C++.
Does C# support multiple inheritance? No, use interfaces instead.
When you inherit a protected class-level variable, who is it available to? Classes in the same namespace.
Are private class-level variables inherited? Yes, but they are not accessible, so looking at it you can honestly say that they are not inherited. But they are.
Describe the accessibility modifier protected internal. It’s available to derived classes and classes within the same Assembly (and naturally from the base class it’s declared in).
C# provides a default constructor for me. I write a constructor that takes a string as a parameter, but want to keep the no parameter one. How many constructors should I write? Two. Once you write at least one constructor, C# cancels the freebie constructor, and now you have to write one yourself, even if there’s no implementation in it.
What’s the top .NET class that everything is derived from? System.Object.
How’s method overriding different from overloading? When overriding, you change the method behavior for a derived class. Overloading simply involves having a method with the same name within the class.
What does the keyword virtual mean in the method definition? The method can be over-ridden.
Can you declare the override method static while the original method is non-static? No, you can’t, the signature of the virtual method must remain the same, only the keyword virtual is changed to keyword override.
Can you override private virtual methods? No, moreover, you cannot access private methods in inherited classes, have to be protected in the base class to allow any sort of access.
Can you prevent your class from being inherited and becoming a base class for some other classes? Yes, that’s what keyword sealed in the class definition is for. The developer trying to derive from your class will get a message: cannot inherit from Sealed class WhateverBaseClassName. It’s the same concept as final class in Java.
Can you allow class to be inherited, but prevent the method from being over-ridden? Yes, just leave the class public and make the method sealed.
What’s an abstract class? A class that cannot be instantiated. A concept in C++ known as pure virtual method. A class that must be inherited and have the methods over-ridden. Essentially, it’s a blueprint for a class without any implementation.
When do you absolutely have to declare a class as abstract (as opposed to free-willed educated choice or decision based on UML diagram)? When at least one of the methods in the class is abstract. When the class itself is inherited from an abstract class, but not all base abstract methods have been over-ridden.
What’s an interface class? It’s an abstract class with public abstract methods all of which must be implemented in the inherited classes.
Why can’t you specify the accessibility modifier for methods inside the interface? They all must be public. Therefore, to prevent you from getting the false impression that you have any freedom of choice, you are not allowed to specify any accessibility, it’s public by default.
Can you inherit multiple interfaces? Yes, why not.
And if they have conflicting method names? It’s up to you to implement the method inside your own class, so implementation is left entirely up to you. This might cause a problem on a higher-level scale if similarly named methods from different interfaces expect different data, but as far as compiler cares you’re okay.
What’s the difference between an interface and abstract class? In the interface all methods must be abstract; in the abstract class some methods can be concrete. In the interface no accessibility modifiers are allowed, which is ok in abstract classes.
How can you overload a method? Different parameter data types, different number of parameters, different order of parameters.
If a base class has a bunch of overloaded constructors, and an inherited class has another bunch of overloaded constructors, can you enforce a call from an inherited constructor to an arbitrary base constructor? Yes, just place a colon, and then keyword base (parameter list to invoke the appropriate constructor) in the overloaded constructor definition inside the inherited class.
What’s the difference between System.String and System.StringBuilder classes? System.String is immutable; System.StringBuilder was designed with the purpose of having a mutable string where a variety of operations can be performed.
What’s the advantage of using System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String? StringBuilder is more efficient in the cases, where a lot of manipulation is done to the text. Strings are immutable, so each time it’s being operated on, a new instance is created.
Can you store multiple data types in System.Array? No.
What’s the difference between the System.Array.CopyTo() and System.Array.Clone()? The first one performs a deep copy of the array, the second one is shallow.
How can you sort the elements of the array in descending order? By calling Sort() and then Reverse() methods.
What’s the .NET datatype that allows the retrieval of data by a unique key? HashTable.
What’s class SortedList underneath? A sorted HashTable.
Will finally block get executed if the exception had not occurred? Yes.
What’s the C# equivalent of C++ catch (…), which was a catch-all statement for any possible exception? A catch block that catches the exception of type System.Exception. You can also omit the parameter data type in this case and just write catch {}.
Can multiple catch blocks be executed? No, once the proper catch code fires off, the control is transferred to the finally block (if there are any), and then whatever follows the finally block.
Why is it a bad idea to throw your own exceptions? Well, if at that point you know that an error has occurred, then why not write the proper code to handle that error instead of passing a new Exception object to the catch block? Throwing your own exceptions signifies some design flaws in the project.
What’s a delegate? A delegate object encapsulates a reference to a method. In C++ they were referred to as function pointers.
What’s a multicast delegate? It’s a delegate that points to and eventually fires off several methods.
How’s the DLL Hell problem solved in .NET? Assembly versioning allows the application to specify not only the library it needs to run (which was available under Win32), but also the version of the assembly.
What are the ways to deploy an assembly? An MSI installer, a CAB archive, and XCOPY command.
What’s a satellite assembly? When you write a multilingual or multi-cultural application in .NET, and want to distribute the core application separately from the localized modules, the localized assemblies that modify the core application are called satellite assemblies.
What namespaces are necessary to create a localized application? System.Globalization, System.Resources.
What’s the difference between // comments, /* */ comments and /// comments? Single-line, multi-line and XML documentation comments.
How do you generate documentation from the C# file commented properly with a command-line compiler? Compile it with a /doc switch.
What’s the difference between and

 XML documentation tag? Single line code example and multiple-line code example.
Is XML case-sensitive? Yes, so  and  are different elements.
What debugging tools come with the .NET SDK? CorDBG – command-line debugger, and DbgCLR – graphic debugger. Visual Studio .NET uses the DbgCLR. To use CorDbg, you must compile the original C# file using the /debug switch.
What does the This window show in the debugger? It points to the object that’s pointed to by this reference. Object’s instance data is shown.
What does assert() do? In debug compilation, assert takes in a Boolean condition as a parameter, and shows the error dialog if the condition is false. The program proceeds without any interruption if the condition is true.
What’s the difference between the Debug class and Trace class? Documentation looks the same. Use Debug class for debug builds, use Trace class for both debug and release builds.
Why are there five tracing levels in System.Diagnostics.TraceSwitcher? The tracing dumps can be quite verbose and for some applications that are constantly running you run the risk of overloading the machine and the hard drive there. Five levels range from None to Verbose, allowing to fine-tune the tracing activities.
Where is the output of TextWriterTraceListener redirected? To the Console or a text file depending on the parameter passed to the constructor.
How do you debug an ASP.NET Web application? Attach the aspnet_wp.exe process to the DbgClr debugger.
What are three test cases you should go through in unit testing? Positive test cases (correct data, correct output), negative test cases (broken or missing data, proper handling), exception test cases (exceptions are thrown and caught properly).
Can you change the value of a variable while debugging a C# application? Yes, if you are debugging via Visual Studio.NET, just go to Immediate window.
Explain the three services model (three-tier application). Presentation (UI), business (logic and underlying code) and data (from storage or other sources).
What are advantages and disadvantages of Microsoft-provided data provider classes in ADO.NET? SQLServer.NET data provider is high-speed and robust, but requires SQL Server license purchased from Microsoft. OLE-DB.NET is universal for accessing other sources, like Oracle, DB2, Microsoft Access and Informix, but it’s a .NET layer on top of OLE layer, so not the fastest thing in the world. ODBC.NET is a deprecated layer provided for backward compatibility to ODBC engines.
What’s the role of the DataReader class in ADO.NET connections? It returns a read-only dataset from the data source when the command is executed.
What is the wildcard character in SQL? Let’s say you want to query database with LIKE for all employees whose name starts with La. The wildcard character is %, the proper query with LIKE would involve ‘La%’.
Explain ACID rule of thumb for transactions. Transaction must be Atomic (it is one unit of work and does not dependent on previous and following transactions), Consistent (data is either committed or roll back, no “in-between” case where something has been updated and something hasn’t), Isolated (no transaction sees the intermediate results of the current transaction), Durable (the values persist if the data had been committed even if the system crashes right after).
What connections does Microsoft SQL Server support? Windows Authentication (via Active Directory) and SQL Server authentication (via Microsoft SQL Server username and passwords).
Which one is trusted and which one is untrusted? Windows Authentication is trusted because the username and password are checked with the Active Directory, the SQL Server authentication is untrusted, since SQL Server is the only verifier participating in the transaction.
Why would you use untrusted verificaion? Web Services might use it, as well as non-Windows applications.
What does the parameter Initial Catalog define inside Connection String? The database name to connect to.
What’s the data provider name to connect to Access database? Microsoft.Access.
What does Dispose method do with the connection object? Deletes it from the memory.
What is a pre-requisite for connection pooling? Multiple processes must agree that they will share the same connection, where every parameter is the same, including the security settings.



C# interview qc
2009-06-29T02:13:00.000-07:00
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andy@andymcm.com

C# FAQ for C++ programmers
Andy McMullan
The C# FAQ for C++ programmers was first posted in Aug 2000, and is regularly updated. It answers many of the questions that C++ developers have when they first encounter C#. I recommend that you read the .NET Framework FAQ before reading this one.
Christophe Lauer has translated the FAQ into French. Gigix and Royal have translated the FAQ into Chinese.

Latest updates:    19-Jan-2005: How do I enforce const correctness in C#?    12-Jan-2005: Can I call a virtual method from a constructor/destructor?    12-Jan-2005: Improved Are C# constructors the same as C++ constructors?    10-Jan-2005: What is the difference between == and object.Equals?    09-Jan-2005: New section on C# 2.0    06-Jan-2005: How do I use the 'using' keyword with multiple objects?
Contents
·         1. Introduction
o        1.1 What is C#?
o        1.2 How do I develop C# apps?
o        1.3 Does C# replace C++?
o        1.4 Does C# have its own class library?
·         2. Types
o        2.1 What standard types does C# use?
o        2.2 Is it true that all C# types derive from a common base class?
o        2.3 So I can pass an instance of a value type to a method that takes an object as a parameter?
o        2.4 What are the fundamental differences between value types and reference types?
o        2.5 Okay, so an int is a value type, and a class is a reference type. How can int be derived from object?
o        2.6 Are C# references the same as C++ references?
·         3. Classes and Structs
o        3.1 Structs are largely redundant in C++. Why does C# have them?
o        3.2 Does C# support multiple inheritance (MI)?
o        3.3 Is a C# interface the same as a C++ abstract class?
o        3.4 Are C# constructors the same as C++ constructors?
o        3.5 Are C# destructors the same as C++ destructors?
o        3.6 If C# destructors are so different to C++ destructors, why did MS use the same syntax?
o        3.7 Are all methods virtual in C#?
o        3.8 How do I declare a pure virtual function in C#?
o        3.9 Can I call a virtual method from a constructor/destructor?
o        3.10 Should I make my destructor virtual?
·         4. Exceptions
o        4.1 Can I use exceptions in C#?
o        4.2 What types of object can I throw as exceptions?
o        4.3 Can I define my own exceptions?
o        4.4 Does the System.Exception class have any cool features?
o        4.5 When should I throw an exception?
o        4.6 Does C# have a 'throws' clause?
·         5. Run-time Type Information
o        5.1 How can I check the type of an object at runtime?
o        5.2 Can I get the name of a type at runtime?
·         6. Miscellaneous
o        6.1 How do I do a case-insensitive string comparison?
o        6.2 Does C# support a variable number of arguments?
o        6.3 How can I process command-line arguments?
o        6.4 Does C# do array bounds checking?
o        6.5 How can I make sure my C# classes will interoperate with other .NET languages?
o        6.6 How do I use the 'using' keyword with multiple objects?
o        6.7 What is the difference between == and object.Equals?
o        6.8 How do I enforce const correctness in C#?
·         7. C# 2.0
o        7.1 What are the new features in C# 2.0?
o        7.2 Are C# generics the same as C++ templates?
·         8. Resources
o        8.1 Books
1. Introduction
1.1 What is C#?
C# is a programming language designed by Microsoft. It is loosely based on C/C++, and bears a striking similarity to Java. Microsoft describe C# as follows:
"C# is a simple, modern, object oriented, and type-safe programming language derived from C and C++. C# (pronounced 'C sharp') is firmly planted in the C and C++ family tree of languages, and will immediately be familiar to C and C++ programmers. C# aims to combine the high productivity of Visual Basic and the raw power of C++."
You can get the ECMA C# spec in PDF form here, or use Jon Jagger's html version.
1.2 How do I develop C# apps?
The (free) .NET SDK contains the C# command-line compiler (csc.exe). Visual Studio has fully integrated support for C# development. On Linux you can use Mono.
1.3 Does C# replace C++?
There are three options open to the Windows developer from a C++ background:
·         Stick with standard C++. Don't use .NET at all.
·         Use C++ with .NET. Microsoft supply a .NET C++ compiler that produces IL rather than machine code. However to make full use of the .NET environment (e.g. garbage collection), a set of extensions are required to standard C++. In .NET 1.x this extended language is called Managed Extensions for C++. In .NET 2.0 ME C++ has been completely redesigned under the stewardship of Stan Lippman, and renamed C++/CLI.
·         Forget C++ and use C#.
Each of these options has merits, depending on the developer and the application. For my own part, I intend to use C# where possible, falling back to C++ only where necessary. ME C++ (soon to be C++/CLI) is very useful for interop between new .NET code and old C++ code - simply write a managed wrapper class using ME C++, then use the managed class from C#. From experience, this works well.
1.4 Does C# have its own class library?
Not exactly. The .NET Framework has a comprehensive class library, which C# can make use of. C# does not have its own class library.
2. Types
2.1 What standard types does C# use?
C# supports a very similar range of basic types to C++, including int, long, float, double, char, string, arrays, structs and classes. However, don't assume too much. The names may be familiar, but many of the details are different. For example, a long is 64 bits in C#, whereas in C++ the size of a long depends on the platform (typically 32 bits on a 32-bit platform, 64 bits on a 64-bit platform). Also classes and structs are almost the same in C++ - this is not true for C#. Finally, chars and strings in .NET are 16-bit (Unicode/UTF-16), not 8-bit like C++.
2.2 Is it true that all C# types derive from a common base class?
Yes and no. All types can be treated as if they derive from object (System.Object), but in order to treat an instance of a value type (e.g. int, float) as object-derived, the instance must be converted to a reference type using a process called 'boxing'. In theory a developer can forget about this and let the run-time worry about when the conversion is necessary, but in reality this implicit conversion can have side-effects that may trip up the unwary.
2.3 So I can pass an instance of a value type to a method that takes an object as a parameter?
Yes. For example:    class CApplication    {        public static void Main()        {             int x = 25;             string s = "fred";                     DisplayMe( x );             DisplayMe( s );         }             static void DisplayMe( object o )         {             System.Console.WriteLine( "You are {0}", o );         }    }
This would display:    You are 25    You are fred
2.4 What are the fundamental differences between value types and reference types?
C# divides types into two categories - value types and reference types. Most of the intrinsic types (e.g. int, char) are value types. Structs are also value types. Reference types include classes, arrays and strings. The basic idea is straightforward - an instance of a value type represents the actual data, whereas an instance of a reference type represents a pointer or reference to the data.
The most confusing aspect of this for C++ developers is that C# has predetermined which types are represented as values, and which are represented as references. A C++ developer expects to take responsibility for this decision.
For example, in C++ we can do this:    int x1 = 3;        // x1 is a value on the stack    int *x2 = new int(3)    // x2 is a pointer to a value on the heap
but in C# there is no control:    int x1 = 3;        // x1 is a value on the stack    int x2 = new int();     x2 = 3;        // x2 is also a value on the stack!
2.5 Okay, so an int is a value type, and a class is a reference type. How can int be derived from object?
It isn't, really. When an int is being used as an int, it is a value. However, when it is being used as an object, it is a reference to an integer value (on the managed heap). In other words, when you treat an int as an object, the runtime automatically converts the int value to an object reference. This process is called boxing. The conversion involves copying the int to the heap, and creating an object instance which refers to it. Unboxing is the reverse process - the object is converted back to a value.    int x = 3;        // new int value 3 on the stack    object objx = x;    // new int on heap, set to value 3 - still have x=3 on stack    int y = (int)objx;    // new value 3 on stack, still got x=3 on stack and objx=3 on heap
2.6 Are C# references the same as C++ references?
Not quite. The basic idea is the same, but one significant difference is that C# references can be null . So you cannot rely on a C# reference pointing to a valid object. In that respect a C# reference is more like a C++ pointer than a C++ reference. If you try to use a null reference, a NullReferenceException is thrown.
For example, look at the following method:    void displayStringLength( string s )    {        Console.WriteLine( "String is length {0}", s.Length );    }       
The problem with this method is that it will throw a NullReferenceException if called like this:    string s = null;    displayStringLength( s );
Of course for some situations you may deem a NullReferenceException to be a perfectly acceptable outcome, but in this case it might be better to re-write the method like this:    void displayStringLength( string s )    {        if( s == null )            Console.WriteLine( "String is null" );        else            Console.WriteLine( "String is length {0}", s.Length );    }       
3. Classes and Structs
3.1 Structs are largely redundant in C++. Why does C# have them?
In C++, a struct and a class are pretty much the same thing. The only difference is the default visibility level (public for structs, private for classes). However, in C# structs and classes are very different. In C#, structs are value types (instances stored directly on the stack, or inline within heap-based objects), whereas classes are reference types (instances stored on the heap, accessed indirectly via a reference). Also structs cannot inherit from structs or classes, though they can implement interfaces. Structs cannot have destructors. A C# struct is much more like a C struct than a C++ struct.
3.2 Does C# support multiple inheritance (MI)?
No, though it does support implementation of multiple interfaces on a single class or struct.
3.3 Is a C# interface the same as a C++ abstract class?
No, not quite. An abstract class in C++ cannot be instantiated, but it can (and often does) contain implementation code and/or data members. A C# interface cannot contain any implementation code or data members - it is simply a group of method names & signatures. A C# interface is more like a COM interface than a C++ abstract class.
3.4 Are C# constructors the same as C++ constructors?
Very similar, but there are some significant differences. First, C# supports constructor chaining. This means one constructor can call another:    class Person    {        public Person( string name, int age ) { ... }        public Person( string name ) : this( name, 0 ) {}        public Person() : this( "", 0 ) {}    }
Another difference is that virtual method calls within a constructor are routed to the most derived implementation - see Can I Call a virtual method from a constructor.
Error handling is also somewhat different. If an exception occurs during construction of a C# object, the destuctor (finalizer) will still be called. This is unlike C++ where the destructor is not called if construction is not completed. (Thanks to Jon Jagger for pointing this out.)
Finally, C# has static constructors. The static constructor for a class runs before the first instance of the class is created.
Also note that (like C++) some C# developers prefer the factory method pattern over constructors. See Brad Wilson's article.
3.5 Are C# destructors the same as C++ destructors?
No. They look the same but they are very different. The C# destructor syntax (with the familiar ~ character) is just syntactic sugar for an override of the System.Object Finalize method. This Finalize method is called by the garbage collector when it determines that an object is no longer referenced, before it frees the memory associated with the object. So far this sounds like a C++ destructor. The difference is that the garbage collector makes no guarantees about when this procedure happens. Indeed, the algorithm employed by the CLR garbage collector means that it may be a long time after the application has finished with the object. This lack of certainty is often termed 'non-deterministic finalization', and it means that C# destructors are not suitable for releasing scarce resources such as database connections, file handles etc.
To achieve deterministic destruction, a class must offer a method to be used for the purpose. The standard approach is for the class to implement the IDisposable interface. The user of the object must call the Dispose() method when it has finished with the object. C# offers the 'using' construct to make this easier.
3.6 If C# destructors are so different to C++ destructors, why did MS use the same syntax?
Presumably they wanted C++ programmers to feel at home. I think they made a mistake.
3.7 Are all methods virtual in C#?
No. Like C++, methods are non-virtual by default, but can be marked as virtual.
3.8 How do I declare a pure virtual function in C#?
Use the abstract modifier on the method. The class must also be marked as abstract (naturally). Note that abstract methods cannot have an implementation (unlike pure virtual C++ methods).
3.9 Can I call a virtual method from a constructor/destructor?
Yes, but it's generally not a good idea. The mechanics of object construction in .NET are quite different from C++, and this affects virtual method calls in constructors.
C++ constructs objects from base to derived, so when the base constructor is executing the object is effectively a base object, and virtual method calls are routed to the base class implementation. By contrast, in .NET the derived constructor is executed first, which means the object is always a derived object and virtual method calls are always routed to the derived implementation. (Note that the C# compiler inserts a call to the base class constructor at the start of the derived constructor, thus preserving standard OO semantics by creating the illusion that the base constructor is executed first.)
The same issue arises when calling virtual methods from C# destructors. A virtual method call in a base destructor will be routed to the derived implementation.
3.10 Should I make my destructor virtual?
A C# destructor is really just an override of the System.Object Finalize method, and so is virtual by definition.
4. Exceptions
4.1 Can I use exceptions in C#?
Yes, in fact exceptions are the recommended error-handling mechanism in C# (and in .NET in general). Most of the .NET framework classes use exceptions to signal errors.
4.2 What types of object can I throw as exceptions?
Only instances of the System.Exception classes, or classes derived from System.Exception. This is in sharp contrast with C++ where instances of almost any type can be thrown.
4.3 Can I define my own exceptions?
Yes, just derive your exception class from System.Exception.
Note that if you want your exception to cross remoting boundaries you'll need to do some extra work - see http://www.thinktecture.com/Resources/RemotingFAQ/CustomExceptions.html for details.
4.4 Does the System.Exception class have any cool features?
Yes - the feature which stands out is the StackTrace property. This provides a call stack which records where the exception was thrown from. For example, the following code:    using System;     class CApp     {          public static void Main()         {             try             {                 f();             }             catch( Exception e )             {                 Console.WriteLine( "System.Exception stack trace = \n{0}", e.StackTrace );             }        }          static void f()         {             throw new Exception( "f went pear-shaped" );         }     }
produces this output:    System.Exception stack trace =         at CApp.f()         at CApp.Main()
Note, however, that this stack trace was produced from a debug build. A release build may optimise away some of the method calls which could mean that the call stack isn't quite what you expect.
4.5 When should I throw an exception?
This is the subject of some debate, and is partly a matter of taste. However, it is accepted by many that exceptions should be thrown only when an 'unexpected' error occurs. How do you decide if an error is expected or unexpected? This is a judgement call, but a straightforward example of an expected error is failing to read from a file because the seek pointer is at the end of the file, whereas an example of an unexpected error is failing to allocate memory from the heap.
4.6 Does C# have a 'throws' clause?
No, unlike Java, C# does not require (or even allow) the developer to specify the exceptions that a method can throw.
5. Run-time Type Information
5.1 How can I check the type of an object at runtime?
You can use the is keyword. For example:    using System;      class CApp    {        public static void Main()        {             string s = "fred";             long i = 10;              Console.WriteLine( "{0} is {1}an integer", s, (IsInteger(s) ? "" : "not ") );             Console.WriteLine( "{0} is {1}an integer", i, (IsInteger(i) ? "" : "not ") );         }            static bool IsInteger( object obj )        {             if( obj is int  obj is long )                return true;             else                 return false;        }    }
produces the output:    fred is not an integer     10 is an integer
5.2 Can I get the name of a type at runtime?
Yes, use the GetType method of the object class (which all types inherit from). For example:    using System;      class CTest    {        class CApp         {            public static void Main()            {                 long i = 10;                 CTest ctest = new CTest();                  DisplayTypeInfo( ctest );                 DisplayTypeInfo( i );             }                    static void DisplayTypeInfo( object obj )             {                 Console.WriteLine( "Type name = {0}, full type name = {1}", obj.GetType(), obj.GetType().FullName );             }        }    }
produces the following output:    Type name = CTest, full type name = CTest     Type name = Int64, full type name = System.Int64
6. Miscellaneous
6.1 How do I do a case-insensitive string comparison?
Use the String.Compare function. Its third parameter is a boolean which specifies whether case should be ignored or not.    "fred" == "Fred"    // false    System.String.Compare( "fred", "Fred", true )    // true
6.2 Does C# support a variable number of arguments?
Yes, using the params keyword. The arguments are specified as a list of arguments of a specific type, e.g. int. For ultimate flexibility, the type can be object. The standard example of a method which uses this approach is System.Console.WriteLine().
6.3 How can I process command-line arguments?
Like this:    using System;     class CApp    {        public static void Main( string[] args )        {            Console.WriteLine( "You passed the following arguments:" );            foreach( string arg in args )                Console.WriteLine( arg );        }    }
6.4 Does C# do array bounds checking?
Yes. An IndexOutOfRange exception is used to signal an error.
6.5 How can I make sure my C# classes will interoperate with other .NET languages?
Make sure your C# code conforms to the Common Language Subset (CLS). To help with this, add the [assembly:CLSCompliant(true)] global attribute to your C# source files. The compiler will emit an error if you use a C# feature which is not CLS-compliant.
6.6 How do I use the 'using' keyword with multiple objects?
You can nest using statements, like this:    using( obj1 )    {        using( obj2 )        {            ...            }    }
However consider using this more aesthetically pleasing (but functionally identical) formatting:    using( obj1 )    using( obj2 )    {        ...    }
6.7 What is the difference between == and object.Equals?
For value types, == and Equals() usually compare two objects by value. For example:    int x = 10;    int y = 10;    Console.WriteLine( x == y );    Console.WriteLine( x.Equals(y) );
will display:    True    True
However things are more complex for reference types. Generally speaking, for reference types == is expected to perform an identity comparison, i.e. it will only return true if both references point to the same object. By contrast, Equals() is expected to perform a value comparison, i.e. it will return true if the references point to objects that are equivalent. For example:    StringBuilder s1 = new StringBuilder("fred");    StringBuilder s2 = new StringBuilder("fred");    Console.WriteLine( s1 == s2 );    Console.WriteLine( s1.Equals(s2) );
will display:    False    True
s1 and s2 are different objects (hence == returns false), but they are equivalent (hence Equals() returns true).
Unfortunately there are exceptions to these rules. The implementation of Equals() in System.Object (the one you'll inherit by default if you write a class) compares identity, i.e. it's the same as operator==. So Equals() only tests for equivalence if the class author overrides the method (and implements it correctly). Another exception is the string class - its operator== compares value rather than identity.
Bottom line: If you want to perform an identity comparison use the ReferenceEquals() method. If you want to perform a value comparison, use Equals() but be aware that it will only work if the type has overridden the default implementation. Avoid operator== with reference types (except perhaps strings), as it's simply too ambiguous.
6.8 How do I enforce const correctness in C#?
You can't - at least not in the same way you do in C++. C# (actually, the CLI) has no real concept of const correctness, For example, there's no way to specify that a method should not modify an argument passed in to it. And there's no way to specify that a method does not modify the object on which it is acting.
To get a feel for the angst this causes among some C++ programmers, read the feedback on this post from Raymond Chen.
There are of course ways of addressing this issue. For example, see Brad Abram's post (and associated feedback) for some ideas on adding optional read-only behaviour to collection classes.
7. C# 2.0
7.1 What are the new features in C# 2.0?
Support for all of the new framework features such as generics, anonymous methods, partial classes, iterators and static classes. See the .NET FAQ for more on these features.
Delegate inference is a new feature of the C# compiler which makes delegate usage a little simpler. It allows you to write this:    Thread t = new Thread(ThreadFunc);
instead of this:    Thread t = new Thread( new ThreadStart(ThreadFunc) );
Another minor but welcome addition is the explicit global namespace, which fixes a hole in namespace usage in C# 1.x. You can prefix a type name with global:: to indicate that the type belongs to the global namespace, thus avoiding problems where the compiler infers the namespace and gets it wrong.
Finally C# 2.0 includes some syntactic sugar for the new System.Nullable type. You can use T? as a synonym for System.Nullable, where T is a value type. As suggested by the name, this allows values of the type to be 'null', or 'undefined'.
7.2 Are C# generics the same as C++ templates?
No, not really. There are some similarities, but there are also fundamental differences. See the .NET FAQ for more details.
8. Resources
8.1 Books
I recommend the following books, either because I personally like them, or because I think they are well regarded by other C# developers. (Note that I get a commission from Amazon if you buy a book after following one of these links.)
·         Pro C# 2005 and the .NET 2.0 Platform, 3nd Edition - Andrew TroelsenRegarded by many as the best all round C#/.NET book. Wide coverage including Windows Forms, COM interop, ADO.NET, ASP.NET etc.
·         CLR via C# is the .NET 2.0 version of Jeffrey Richter's acclaimed Applied Microsoft .NET Framework Programming book.Despite the 'applied' in the original title, these books are mostly about how the .NET Framework works 'under the hood'. Examples are in C#.
See also my .NET recommended books.

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interview qc(asp.net)
2009-06-29T02:10:00.000-07:00
Interview Questions
ASP.NET

1.      Describe the role of inetinfo.exe, aspnet_isapi.dll andaspnet_wp.exe in the page loading process. inetinfo.exe is theMicrosoft IIS server running, handling ASP.NET requests among other things.When an ASP.NET request is received (usually a file with .aspx extension),the ISAPI filter aspnet_isapi.dll takes care of it by passing the request tothe actual worker process aspnet_wp.exe. 
2.      What’s the difference between Response.Write() andResponse.Output.Write()? The latter one allows you to write formattedoutput.
3.      What methods are fired during the page load? Init() - when the pageis instantiated, Load() - when the page is loaded into server memory,PreRender() - the brief moment before the page is displayed to the user asHTML, Unload() - when page finishes loading.
4.      Where does the Web page belong in the .NET Framework class hierarchy?System.Web.UI.Page
5.      Where do you store the information about the user’s locale? System.Web.UI.Page.Culture
6.      What’s the difference between Codebehind="MyCode.aspx.cs" andSrc="MyCode.aspx.cs"? CodeBehind is relevant to Visual Studio.NET only.
7.      What’s a bubbled event? When you have a complex control, like DataGrid, writing an event processing routine for each object (cell, button, row, etc.) is quite tedious. The controls can bubble up their eventhandlers, allowing the main DataGrid event handler to take care of its constituents.
8.      Suppose you want a certain ASP.NET function executed on MouseOver overa certain button. Where do you add an event handler? It’s the Attributesproperty, the Add function inside that property. So btnSubmit.Attributes.Add("onMouseOver","someClientCode();")
9.      What data type does the RangeValidator control support? Integer,String and Date.
10.  Explain the differences between Server-side and Client-side code?  Server-side code runs on the server. Client-side code runs in the clients’ browser.
11.  What type of code (server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class? Server-side code.
12.  Should validation (did the user enter a real date) occur server-side or client-side? Why? Client-side. This reduces an additional request to the server to validate the users input.
13.  What does the "EnableViewState" property do? Why would I want it on or off?  It enables the viewstate on the page. It allows the page to save the users input on a form.
14.  What is the difference between Server.Transfer and Response.Redirect? Why would I choose one over the other? Server.Transfer is used to post a form to another page. Response.Redirect is used to redirect the user to another page or site.
15.  Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO Recordset?
·         A DataSet can represent an entire relational database in memory, complete with tables, relations, and views.
·         A DataSet is designed to work without any continuing connection to the original data source.
·         Data in a DataSet is bulk-loaded, rather than being loaded on demand.
·         There's no concept of cursor types in a DataSet.
·         DataSets have no current record pointer You can use For Each loops to move through the data.
·         You can store many edits in a DataSet, and write them to the original data source in a single operation.
·         Though the DataSet is universal, other objects in ADO.NET come in different versions for different data sources.
16.  Can you give an example of what might be best suited to place in the Application_Start and Session_Start subroutines?  This is where you can set the specific variables for the Application and Session objects.
17.  If I’m developing an application that must accommodate multiple security levels though secure login and my ASP.NET web application is spanned across three web-servers (using round-robin load balancing) what would be the best approach to maintain login-in state for the users? Maintain the login state security through a database.
18.  Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it? When you want to inherit (use the functionality of) another class. Base Class Employee. A Manager class could be derived from the Employee base class.
19.  Whats an assembly?  Assemblies are the building blocks of the .NET framework. Overview of assemblies from MSDN
20.  Describe the difference between inline and code behind. Inline code written along side the html in a page. Code-behind is code written in a separate file and referenced by the .aspx page.
21.  Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for one? The DiffGram is one of the two XML formats that you can use to render DataSet object contents to XML. For reading database data to an XML file to be sent to a Web Service.
22.  Whats MSIL, and why should my developers need an appreciation of it if at all? MSIL is the Microsoft Intermediate Language. All .NET compatible languages will get converted to MSIL.
23.  Which method do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated dataset with data? The .Fill() method
24.  Can you edit data in the Repeater control?  No, it just reads the information from its data source
25.  Which template must you provide, in order to display data in a Repeater control? ItemTemplate
26.  How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeater control? Use the AlternatingItemTemplate
27.  What property must you set, and what method must you call in your code, in order to bind the data from some data source to the Repeater control? You must set the DataSource property and call the DataBind method.
28.  What base class do all Web Forms inherit from?  The Page class.
29.  Name two properties common in every validation control? ControlToValidate property and Text property.
30.  What tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind columns manually? Set AutoGenerateColumns Property to false on the datagrid tag
31.  What tag do you use to add a hyperlink column to the DataGrid? 
32.  What is the transport protocol you use to call a Web service? SOAP is the preferred protocol.
33.  True or False: A Web service can only be written in .NET? False
34.  What does WSDL stand for? (Web Services Description Language)
35.  Where on the Internet would you look for Web services? (http://www.uddi.org)
36.  Which property on a Combo Box do you set with a column name, prior to setting the DataSource, to display data in the combo box? DataTextField property
37.  Which control would you use if you needed to make sure the values in two different controls matched?  CompareValidator Control
38.  True or False: To test a Web service you must create a windows application or Web application to consume this service? False, the webservice comes with a test page and it provides HTTP-GET method to test.
39.  How many classes can a single .NET DLL contain?  It can contain many classes.


javascript interview quesitons
2009-06-29T02:09:00.001-07:00
Javascript Interview Questions
What have you used JavaScript for?Typical answers include form validations, user action confirmations, updating an Internet page dynamically and other such answers. I usually ask this question first just to get the candidate talking about JavaScript and see if they have in fact used JavaScript for something.How do you access an element in an HTML document with JavaScript?Give the element an ID attribute and then use JavaScript’s getElementById() function to access that element.How do you determine how many characters are in a JavaScript string?With the length property of the JavaScript string object.What datatypes are supported by JavaScript?Number, String, Undefined, null, Boolean. At a minimum, the candidate should identify Number and String.How do you create a date in JavaScript?With the Date object: new Date()Where does JavaScript date object pull it’s date from?From the client machine.What does the isNaN function do?Returns true is the value provided is not a numeric value and false if the number provided is a numeric value.What is the difference between JavaScript and Java?They are completely different languages.How do you comment JavaScript code?For single-line comments, begin the line with consecutive forward slashes (//). To comment a block of code, wrap it with /* code */.What is the JavaScript concatenation operator?The plus sign.
Get Unlimited interview questions on javascript, asp.net, php, oracle, sap etc on
http://www.interviewhelper.org

 [1]HTML: 


linq meterial
2009-06-29T02:08:00.001-07:00
LINQ
(Language-Integrated Query)
FYI, IT managers like to develop information management systems rapidly with best quality. Moreover, they want to have a perfect access to RDBMS objects into the application during manufacture and maintenance phases. Furthermore, they need to a technology for easy connect to RDBMSs, high speed data transferring and low connection pool. Certainly, software companies were started to invent new programming technologies for solving these problems.
Many solutions are preferred but Oracle established SQLJ and Sun Microsystems offered Object-relational mapping (OR mapping) in 90s. SQLJ was a rapid application programming that programmers could write and execute SQL command embedded in JAVA application by it. It was decreased delivery line of code (DLOC) in JAVA-Oracle projects. OR mapping was a programming concept that it was integrated object programming language capabilities with relational databases managed by Oracle, DB2, Sybase, and other RDBMSs.
Microsoft Corporation discusses some questions in 2006 such as "Why don't we use these technologies together in a same programming framework?" or "Why doesn't we make relationships by these technologies with other data containers such as XML or flat-file databases?". The Microsoft offered the LINQ project into .NET framework 3.5 for marking of information management systems in January 2008. We will take about this technology as follow.
OR mapping:
Object-relational mapping (OR mapping) products integrate object programming language capabilities with relational databases managed by popular RDBMSs. Database objects appear as programming language objects in one or more existing object programming languages. Often, the interface for object-relational mapping products is the same as the interface for object databases.
The LINQ project:
The LINQ Project is a codename for a set of extensions to the .NET Framework that encompass language-integrated query, set, and transform operations. It extends C# and Visual Basic with native language syntax for queries and provides class libraries to take advantage of these capabilities.
LINQ to SQL:
LINQ to SQL is a component of .NET Framework version 3.5 that provides a run-time infrastructure for managing relational data as objects.
Note: Relational data appears as a collection of two-dimensional tables (relations or flat files), where common columns relate tables to each other. To use LINQ to SQL effectively, you must have some familiarity with the underlying principles of relational databases.
In LINQ to SQL, the data model of a relational database is mapped to an object model expressed in the programming language of the developer. When the application runs, LINQ to SQL translates into SQL the language-integrated queries in the object model and sends them to the database for execution. When the database returns the results, LINQ to SQL translates them back to objects that you can work with in your own programming language.
LINQ integrates object programming language capabilities with relational databases as well as JAVA OR mapping and it is very rapider than ADO.net as well as SQLJ too. In LINQ, you don't need to successively control of database connection. Because it automatically creates database connection setting and it doesn't preformed like open database connectivity (ODBC). Let consider a full example that it contents all of basic necessary subject for getting start LINQ to SQL.
We have table in our database that it's called "Categories". This table has two columns, "Code" and "Category". Data type of "Code" is INT and data type of "Category" is VARCHAR. At first, we add a DataContext to our project and drag "Categories" table from Server Explorer into DataContext. The DataContext represents the main entry point for the LINQ to SQL framework.
public class DataContext : IDisposable
The DataContext is the source of all entities mapped over a database connection. It tracks changes that you made to all retrieved entities and maintains an "identity cache" that guarantees that entities retrieved more than one time are represented by using the same object instance.
In general, a DataContext instance is designed to last for one "unit of work" however your application defines that term. A DataContext is lightweight and is not expensive to create. A typical LINQ to SQL application creates DataContext instances at method scope or as a member of short-lived classes that represent a logical set of related database operation.
In the first step, we import following namespace for working with LINQ to SQL.
using System.Data.Linq;
Insert:
You can use following method for inserting a row into "Categories" table.
public string Insert(int CategoryCode, string CategoryName)
{
        try
        {
            DataClassesDataContext db = new DataClassesDataContext();
            Categories tbl = new Categories()
            {
                Code = CategoryCode,
                Category = CategoryName
            };
            db.Categories.InsertOnSubmit(tbl);
            db.SubmitChanges();
            return "Inserting was successfuly";
        }
        catch(Exception)
        {
            return "Inserting was failed";
        }
}
Delete:
You can also use following method for deleting a row from "Categories" table.

public string Delete(int CategoryCode)
{
        try
        {
            DataClassesDataContext db = new DataClassesDataContext();
            var tbl = (from c in db.Categories
                       where c.Code == CategoryCode
                       select c).First();
            db.Categories.DeleteOnSubmit(tbl);
            db.SubmitChanges();
            return "Deleting was successfuly";
        }
        catch(Exception)
        {
            return "Deleting was failed";
        }
}
Update:
You can use following method for updating a specified row in "Categories" table.
public string Update(int CategoryCode, string CategoryName)
{
        try
        {
            DataClassesDataContext db = new DataClassesDataContext();
            var tbl = (from c in db.Categories
                       where c.Code == CategoryCode
                       select c).First();
            tbl.Category = CategoryName;
            db.SubmitChanges();
            return "Updating was successfuly";
        }
        catch(Exception)
        {
            return "Updating was failed";
        }
}
Binding a GridView in ASP.net:
If we have a GridView on our ASP form that it's called GridView1, we can bind data form "Categories" table into the GridView by LINQ as follow.
private void BindGrid()
{
        DataClassesDataContext db = new DataClassesDataContext();
        GridView1.DataSource = db.Categories;
        GridView1.DataBind();
}
Covert Generic Table to DataTable:
At first, for converting generic table to DataTable in LINQ, you need to import following namespace.
using System.Reflection;
Then, you can convert "Categories" table's data to a DataTable by below method.
public DataTable GenericToDatatable()
{
        DataTable dt = new DataTable();
        DataClassesDataContext db = new DataClassesDataContext();

        foreach (object obj in db.Categories)
        {
            Type t = obj.GetType();
            PropertyInfo[] pis = t.GetProperties();
            if (dt.Columns.Count == 0)
            {
                foreach (PropertyInfo pi in pis)
                {
                    dt.Columns.Add(pi.Name, pi.PropertyType);
                }
            }
            DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
            foreach (PropertyInfo pi in pis)
            {
                object value = pi.GetValue(obj, null);
                dr[pi.Name] = value;
            }
            dt.Rows.Add(dr);
        }

        return dt;
}
Getting Report:
For providing a report from "Categories" table's data, we created a Crystal Report file for "Categories" table that it's called "CrystalReport1". Now, we can provide a report from "Categories" table by below method.
public CrystalReport1 GetReport()
{
            DataClassesDataContext db = new DataClassesDataContext();
            IEnumerable categories = from c in db.Categories
                                     select c;

            CrystalReport1 cr = new CrystalReport1();
            cr.SetDataSource(categories);

            return cr;
}
Furthermore, you can see 101 LINQ samples at bellow link.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vcsharp/aa336746.aspx
LINQ to XML:
LINQ to XML was developed with Language-Integrated Query over XML in mind and takes advantage of standard query operators and adds query extensions specific to XML.
LINQ to XML provides an in-memory XML programming interface that leverages the .NET Language-Integrated Query (LINQ) Framework. LINQ to XML uses the latest .NET Framework language capabilities and is comparable to an updated, redesigned Document Object Model (DOM) XML programming interface.
The LINQ family of technologies provides a consistent query experience for objects (LINQ), relational databases (LINQ to SQL), and XML (LINQ to XML).
By using LINQ to XML, you could run the following query to obtain the part number attribute value for every item element in the purchase order:
IEnumerable partNos =
            from item in purchaseOrder.Descendants("Item")
            select (string)item.Attribute("PartNumber");
As another example, you might want a list, sorted in part number order, of the items with a value greater than $100. To obtain this information, you could run the following query:
IEnumerable partNos =
            from item in purchaseOrder.Descendants("Item")
            where (int)item.Element("Quantity") *
            (decimal)item.Element("USPrice") > 100
            orderby (string)item.Element("PartNumber")
            select item;
The ease with which you can create XML trees is particularly significant. For example, to create a small XML tree, you can write C# code as follows:
XElement contacts =
            new XElement("Contacts",
                new XElement("Contact",
                    new XElement("Name", "Patrick Hines"),
                    new XElement("Phone", "206-555-0144",
                        new XAttribute("Type", "Home")),
                    new XElement("Address",
                        new XElement("Street", "123 Main St"),
                        new XElement("City", "Mercer Island"),
                        new XElement("State", "WA"),
                        new XElement("Postal", "68042")
                    )
                )            );Convert to Generic List
using System.Xml.Linq;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public class MyClass
{
    public List LoadFeeds()
    {
        XDocument xdoc = XDocument.Load(HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/App_LocalResources/MyXML.xml"));
        var feeds = from c in xdoc.Descendants("Feed")
                    select new FeedDefination
                    {
                        name = c.Element("name").Value,
                        url = c.Element("url").Value
                    };
        return feeds.ToList();
    }
}

public class FeedDefination
{
    public string name { get; set; }
    public string url { get; set; }}
LINQ's Advantages:
You can use LINQ for classification of the use cases' domain. Moreover, it can increase" functional cohesion" and "message coupling" for business rule (BR) and data access (DA) layers. As a matter of fact, you can take a set of related tables in a data content class that they provide a particular framework in your system. LINQ merged common layer with data access layer in Microsoft 3-tire architecture. So, it decreased density and distribution of our codes in .NET projects.
LINQ's Usages:
The LINQ is best option for developing information management systems (IMS). Furthermore, LINQ is great tools for developing and improving enterprise resource planning (ERP) project. You can develop enterprise systems (ES) by LINQ at list possible time.
Author: Mahyar Esteki
Special Tanks: Morteza Akbarpour and Ahmadreza Seddighi
References:
·         MSDN website
http://msdn.microsoft.com/
·         Service Architecture website
http://www.service-architecture.com
·         CodeProject website
http://www.codeproject.com
·         CodePlex website
http://www.codeplex.com


dotnet 2008 concepts
2009-06-29T02:04:00.000-07:00
WCF(INDIGO)

mainly used for to providing webservices, Remoting functionality with better features and reduce the time to develop a
distributed system.

wcf is 25% to 50% faster than asp.net webservices and approximately 25% faster than .net remoting

            * it is secure, confidential in keeping messages
            * using wcf message transfer is reliable.

WCS(INFO CARD)
            this helps to protect users digital identities against spoofing, fishing and tempering by using security tokens instead of passwords.

WPF (XAML)
            new era for windows desktop application UI designing.
·        xaml is intraduced.

WF
            this is really very cool feature
            draw the flowchart and the coding part will be written automatically.


which folder creates when applicaton created
2009-06-29T02:03:00.000-07:00
1.Which folders are created when the application created in dotnet?
Sol.
            For windows application
1.application name folder
            -->application name folder
                        bin, obj, propeties, Form1.cs, Form1.Designer.cs, program.cs.
                        bin(debug(.exe))
                        obj(Debug(TempPE))
                        properties(AssemblyInfo.cs, Resource.Designer.cs, Resources.resx,                                                      Settings.Designer.cs)
             --> .sln
             -->.suo

            For WebApplication

-->WebSite1
            -->App_Data
            -->Default.aspx
            -->Default.aspx.cs
            -->Web.config


usefull info
2009-06-29T02:02:00.000-07:00
Calling java script from PAGELOAD
Button1.Attributes.Add("onClick", "return ValidateFields()");

.CS FILE ALERT

ClientScript.RegisterStartupScript(this.GetType(), "z", "");

CALLING SCRIPT FROM .CS FILE

ClientScript.RegisterClientScriptBlock(this.GetType(), "X1", "");
function OpenAddressPopupWindow()
    {
       window.open("NewAddress.aspx","newaddresswindow","width=370,height=280,left=250,top=300") ;
       return false;
    }
Response.Redirect("OrganisationList.aspx?areaId=" + Convert.ToInt32(_inparamsHash["areaId"].ToString()) + "&areaName=" + _inparamsHash["areaName"].ToString());
function showTip(msg,divName)
              {
                    document.getElementById(divName).style.visibility="Visible";
                    document.getElementById(divName).style.position="fixed";
                    //document.getElementById(divName).style.position="absolute";
                    document.getElementById(divName).style.top= eval(event.y)-70;
                    //document.getElementById(divName).style.left= eval(event.x)+10;
                    //document.getElementById(divName).style.backgroundColor = "#A2BEE6";
                    document.getElementById(divName).innerHTML=msg;
              }
            function hideTip(div)
            {
               document.getElementById(div).style.visibility="hidden";
            }












while (drRef.Read())
                {
                    iList = new ArrayList();
                    iList.Add(drRef.GetString(drRef.GetOrdinal("BIRD_ID")));
                    iList.Add(drRef.IsDBNull(drRef.GetOrdinal("COMMON_NAME")) ? "" : Convert.ToString(drRef[1].ToString()));
                    //iList.Add(drRef.GetString(drRef.GetOrdinal("PATIENT_ID")));
                    //iList.Add(drRef.GetString(drRef.GetOrdinal("species")));
                    iList.Add(drRef.IsDBNull(drRef.GetOrdinal("TEST_NAME")) ? "" : Convert.ToString(drRef[2].ToString()));
                    iList.Add(drRef.IsDBNull(drRef.GetOrdinal("COLLECTED_ON")) ? defaultDate : Convert.ToDateTime(drRef[3].ToString()));
                    iList.Add(drRef.IsDBNull(drRef.GetOrdinal("RESULT_STATUS_CODE")) ? "" : Convert.ToString(drRef[4].ToString()));
                    totalTests.Add(iList);
                }


my resume
2009-06-29T02:00:00.000-07:00
V S SANKARA RAO KONDAPALLI                  E-Mail  :   sivasankar_mca@yahoo.co.in
                                                                        Mobile  : +91 - 9299856968
                                                                                                                                          

Profile:
·2+ years of experience in .NET
·Involved in UI Coding.
·Sound Knowledge on ASP.NET 2.0, C#
·Flexible, able to work effectively in a team environment or as an individual contributor
·Ability to learn new Technologies quickly.
·Got 96% in MCTS 70-528 in dotnet web based applications.

Professional Objective:
        To be as part of dynamic team with a challenging career in the field of software development so as to work for the growth of the organization where I have been placed and I can enrich my skills

Work Experience:

         Working as a Software Developer  with ATS Translogic Systems Pvt  Ltd,    Hyderabad From February 2008 to till date.
        
Academic:
            MASTER OF COMPUTER APLLICATIONS (M.C.A) from Pydha College for PG Courses, Vizag, Andhra University with an aggregate of 72%, April 2007.

Skill Set:
       Framework                           .NET 2.x,3.x.
         RDBMS                                 SQL Server 2005
         Languages                            C
         Development Skills           C# programming, ASP.NET,
                                                     JavaScript, C, C++  
         Design Tools                      MS Visio

Strengths:

·         Problem Solving Skills
·         Dedication and Flexibility
·         Interest in Teamwork 
·        Ability to work under pressure 



Work Experience:
Project#1
Time Tracker System(Internal Project)                                     Duration : 6 months           
                                                                                                      Team size : 3
                                                                                                      Role : Developer
          
      Technologies   Asp.Net 3.0                                          
       Database          Sql server.

Description:
     
       It is a Access control system which is used in every software company and corporations.    It is an internal project developed on “DotNet Framework 3.0”, which is used to track the employees time-in  and time-out, and to send invalid entries to employees etc. The Existing system  was redeveloped on latest “DotNet Framework 3.0” with sqlserver as backend.

Responsibilities:

Designing and Coding the application for all the layers (Presentation, Business and Data Access)  according to requirements.

Project#2
Online Sample Collection                                                       Duration   : 7 months           
                                                                                                 Team size : 5
                                                                                                  Role : Developer

      Client                     GENETECH, India
      Technologies         C#.Net, ASP.Net                                                                             
      Database                SQL Server
Description:

      By using Online Sample Collection System, GENETECH people collecting sample of Birds through online. In Online Sample Collection System users only entering their sample information and sending their samples by courier. Any person who had credentials in database they only enter sample information.

Responsibilities:
·Analyzing requirements & use cases
·Designing and Coding the application for all the layers (Presentation, Business and Data Access)  according to use cases
Project#3
Laboratory Management System                                              Duration   : 11 months           
                                                                                                 Team size : 6
                                                                                                  Role : Developer

      Client                     GENETECH, India
      Technologies         C#.Net, ASP.Net                                                                             
      Database                SQL Server
Description:

      LMS is a Web based application used by the GENETECH employees.  The system will be used to speed up the process of maintaining the information about the physicians who refers this particular lab, and patients who comes here. This system is implements based on the Roles And Privileges assigned to particular user. The system implemented by using AZMAN to get and assign roles and privileges to the users. Based on those privileges the user can only get the required data.

Responsibilities:
·Analyzing requirements & use cases
·Designing and Coding the application for all the layers (Presentation, Business and Data Access)  according to use cases
Personal Details:

            Name                                       :  K.V.S.Sankara Rao
            Father’s Name                          :  Venkateswara Rao
            Mother’s Name                         :  Rajeswari
            Date of Birth                             :  25-08-1983
            Sex                                          :  Male
            Marital Status                           :  Single
            Languages Known                   :  English & Telugu.
            Nationality                                :  Indian
            Permanent Address                  :  Ayodhyanagar, Jandrapet (post),
                Chirala(Mandal), Prakasam (D.T).
Place :Secundrabad 
Date  :                                                       ( K.V.S.SANKARA RAO )


importent url's
2009-06-29T01:58:00.000-07:00
IMPORTANT URL’S
Sharat Babu Garlapati:   
    http://www.carlosag.net/Tools/CodeTranslator/Default.aspx

Pay:
   http://www.tangiblesoftwaresolutions.com/Product_Details/Instant_CSharp.htm
SQL_SERVER
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms174420.aspx

sekhar given tool:
 http://labs.developerfusion.co.uk/convert/vb-to-csharp.aspx           good one
http://labs.developerfusion.co.uk/convert/vb-to-csharp.aspx  --------converting code vb to c# vice versa
http://labs.developerfusion.co.uk/convert/csharp-to-vb.aspx   
 http://www.t-mug.org/Interview_SQL.aspx     --------------- importent questions

DTO’S & DAO’S
http://faq.javaranch.com/view?DataTransferObject -----------DTO’s
http://java.sun.com/blueprints/corej2eepatterns/Patterns/DataAccessObject.html-----------DAO’s
http://www.dto.ie/web2006/DTO_Commercial_Modelling.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Access_Object
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms978717.aspx                ---------------MSDN   DTO
http://saloon.javaranch.com/cgi-bin/ubb/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic&f=9&t=003433
Telugu to English converter
http://www.google.com/transliterate/indic/Telugu

EENADU PAPER
http://eenadu.net/panelhtml.asp?qrystr=htm/panel7.htm
JAVASCRIPT AND HTML TRICKS
http://www.htmlgoodies.com/beyond/javascript/article.php/3759301
WCF 
http://www.davidchappell.com/IntroducingWCFv1.2.1.pdf
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms731082.aspx
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Communication_Foundation
http://www.dotnetspider.com/resources/4414-WINDOWS-COMMUNICATION-FOUNDATION-WCF.aspx    good one architecture of wcf.

WPF
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Presentation_Foundation
http://dotnetslackers.com/articles/silverlight/WPFTutorial.aspx
------------tutorial

XBAP
http://www.munna.shatkotha.com/blog/
http://xbap.org/
http://channel9.msdn.com/ShowPost.aspx?PostID=216764 ---------------vedio
http://www.xbap.org/faq.html  good one.

Wwf, it should be called as  “WF”
http://www.davidchappell.com/IntroducingWCFv1.2.1.pdf
http://www.dotnetheaven.com/UploadFile/rahul4_saxena/WWF05042007055740AM/WWF.aspx  nice one.

SILVERLIGHT
http://www.naskhan.com/category/xbap/
http://heroeshappenhere.co.in/             for to create silverlight pages website
http://silverlight.net/forums/t/3282.aspx            differences between silverlight and xbap
http://www.microsoft.com/silverlight/

http://www.dotnetspider.com/forum/ViewForum.aspx?ForumId=139080
about wcf, wpf, --------links provided here

MESSANGER:
https://imo.im/   

LINQ (.net Language Integrated Query)
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb397926.aspx
http://www.manning.com/marguerie/marguerie_meapch1.pdf
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb308959.aspx
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/webforms/LinqDataSourceSite1.aspx
http://dotnetslackers.com/articles/csharp/WithLINQ-to-SQLEveryApplicationCanHaveAnORM.aspx    
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vcsharp/aa336760.aspx samples
http://blogs.msdn.com/wriju/archive/2007/11/10/linq-to-sql-working-with-hierarchical-data.aspx

free downloads-pdf’s
www.pdfchm.com

DOTNET 3-TAIR ARCHITECTURE
http://www.simple-talk.com/dotnet/.net-framework/.net-application-architecture-the-data-access-layer/

SOA
http://www.service-architecture.com/
http://www.service-architecture.com/web-services/articles/service-oriented_architecture_soa_definition.html
http://www.adobe.com/government/pdfs/SOA-technical-whitepaper.pdf          good one
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/architecture/aa948857.aspx
http://www.orbeon.com/blog/2005/02/17/3-tier-architecture-versus-service-oriented-architecture/
good
http://www.onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2005/01/26/soa-intro.html            good
xsl
http://www.w3.org/Style/XSL/

JAVASCRIPT AND AJAX TIPS
http://www.webreference.com/programming/javascript/

AJAX
http://www.cete.com/Products/Dynamic_PDF_Dot_Net_Products.csp?gclid=CIWRz7DisZMCFQzZbgodrkXEoA
http://www.adaptivepath.com/ideas/essays/archives/000385.php
http://sappidireddy.wordpress.com/2008/03/31/how-to-call-server-side-function-from-client-side-code-using-pagemethods-in-aspnet-ajax/  ------GOOD ONE

http://db.grussell.org/sql3.html                               --- sql
http://www.dhruvaraj.com/OsTech/osTheory.htm                      --- any books
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/1.4/docs/api/overview-summary.html     --- java api
http://unix.org.ua/orelly/                                        --- unix
http://www.regular-expressions.info/javascriptexample.html       --- javascript
http://wsabstract.com/javatutors/redev2.shtml
http://wsabstract.com/javatutors/redev.shtml
http://www.theserverside.com/books/addisonwesley/ServletsJSP/index.tss
---jsp,servlets
http://www.w3schools.com/

new features in dotnet
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/dotnet/Visual_Studio_2008.aspx

http://www.young-india.org/
Government of India has an online Grievance forum at
http://darpg-grievance.nic.in/



 pdf splitter
http://www.pdfsplit.com/freetrial/index.html    

INSTALLATION PROCESS OF TOMCAT & APACHE
http://johnturner.com/howto/apache2-tomcat4127-jk-rh9-howto.html


OVERRIDING
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/cs/cs_methodoverride.aspx

BLOOD BANK
www.friends2support.org

CLR ARCHITECTURE
http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/nrsurapaneni/ILtheLangOfCLRbyNRS12222005040956AM/ILtheLangOfCLRbyNRS.aspx
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/dotnet/DotNetWhitePaper.aspx

SQL SERVER INTERVIEW QUESTIONS
http://blog.sqlauthority.com/2007/04/15/sql-server-interview-questions/

DATABASE CONNECTIONS
http://www.quantumsoftware.com.au/Support/KB/Article.aspx?ID=62
CONNECTION STRINGS
connectionstring.com

C# METERIAL
http://www.scribd.com/doc/510565/DotNet
http://www.scribd.com/doc/2593767/dotnet
http://dotnet.pro/yaf_postst30_ASPNET-Interview-Questions.aspx
complete interview questions--------very very importent
GARBAGE COLLECTOR WORKING
http://kamleshsingh.wetpaint.com/page/GC+in+dotnet?t=anon
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/dotnet/garbagecollection.aspx
http://www.hitmill.com/programming/dotNET/csharp.html#links 
good material and websites
ALL METERIALS GOOD ONE
http://www.java2s.com/Tutorial/VB/0040__Data-Type/PerformancedifferencebetweenStringandStringBuilder.htm

PDF COLLECTIONS
http://www.esnips.com/_t_/books+on+datastructures+in+c%2B%2B?to=120&gen=Any+Gender&t=1&sort=0&cnt=Any+Country&uf=0&page=9&st=0&from=13&pp=10&q=books+on+datastructures+in+c%2B%2B


REGULAR EXPRESSIONS (SOME SOLUTIONS ALSO)
http://www.rgagnon.com/jsdetails/js-0063.html
http://regexlib.com/Search.aspx?k=&c=7&m=5&ps=10
PDF UTILITIES
http://www.verypdf.com/custom/select-pdf-products.htm
SEARCH ENGINES
www.blackle.com
http://www.cuil.com/
http://62.193.236.96/

sharepoint interview questions
http://www.megasolutions.net/qs/Sharepoint_Portal_Interview_Questions.aspx

English to telugu
http://lekhini.org/
Antivirus downloads
downloads.com
irctc.co.in
indianrail.gov
my.yahoo.com
DOTNET BLACK BOOK
http://www.source-bg.com/books/visual_studio/Visual%20Studio.NET%20The%20.NET%20Framework%20Black%20Book%20(2002).pdf
DOTNET 2010 UPDATES
http://www.vikasgoyal.net/net/What's%20New%20in%20.NET%204.0.aspx
daily backup script
http://www.theadminzone.com/forums/showthread.php?t=46877
OUTLOOK EXPRSS  PROBLEMS
http://www.insideoutlookexpress.com/tips/oe_toolbars.htm

daily backup taking from sqlserver automatically
http://chkiran.wordpress.com/2008/06/04/schedule-daily-sql-server-2005-datbase-backup-using-sql-agent/
PANCARD VERIFICATION
http://www.tin-nsdl.com/

globalization
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa478974.aspx
http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/Santhi.M/GlobalizationusingASP.NET11262005072116AM/GlobalizationusingASP.NET.aspx

Unicode and .NET
http://www.yoda.arachsys.com/csharp/unicode.html
how to make my web application to run on internet
http://forums.asp.net/t/1349561.aspx

good C# Interview questions
http://www.scribd.com/doc/510577/IQ
ActualTest 070-536 v03[1].22.07.pdf                 -----------------70-536 dumps


Solutin file path
C:\Documents and Settings\sankar\My Documents\Visual Studio 2005\Projects
NCR
https://ncrwebdev.ncr.com/PS8HR_RP/selfserv/ehrms_frames.jsp

http://www.linkedin.com
userid:sivsankar.kondapalli@tran.com
pwd:sankartls

ABOUT DIRECTIVES
http://www.aspdotnetcodes.com/Asp.Net_Page_Directives.aspx


Psystar new Open (3) Mac clone desktop
2009-03-24T04:57:00.000-07:00

Other Mac-cloners may know their time is limited, but good 'ol Psystar just keeps on forging straight ahead -- despite being locked in a nasty legal battle with Apple that could result in it getting shut down any second now. Ignoring that (sophisticated looking) elephant in the corner for a moment, the company has released its latest model, called the Open(3). It sports your choice of processors ranging from a 2.8GHz Core2Duo E7400 up to a 2.53GHz Core2Quad Q8200, up to 4GB of memory, 1TB of storage, a 6x Blu-ray burner, and graphics from an NVIDIA GeForce 9500GT, all packaged in a slim case that, while not quite up to Cupertino standards, certainly looks a fair bit more visually appealing than its previous black boxes. Prices start at just $599, but tick all those option buttons and you'll be looking at something closer to $2,000 -- a lot, but close to $1,000 less than a comparably spec'd Mac Pro



USB extension cable arrives with inline card reader
2009-03-24T04:55:00.000-07:00

You know, sometimes it's just the simple things in life that really bring a smile to one's face. Take this cable, for instance. At first glance, it's really nothing more than a USB extension cable (USB A Male-to-mini USB) with an odd protrusion in the middle. Sort of like a snake that's only halfway done digesting its latest meal. Gross analogies aside, that bulge is actually an SD card reader that's also capable of handling SDHC, miniSD and microSD formats. The whole cord measures 2.43 feet long and costs just $11.99 -- can you say "geek stocking stuffer?"



Canon Camara Catch the Eye
2009-03-13T03:19:00.000-07:00
Canon certainly isn't cutting any corners with its pre-PMA batch of digital cameras, and the folks at PhotographyBlog look to be doing their best to keep up with them all, with them now churning out some hands-on looks with just about all of 'em, plus a couple of Canon's new lenses for good measure. Those include the SX200 IS pictured above, which they describe as "bigger and chunkier" than its rival Panasonic DMC-TZ7, as well as the "sleek and sophisticated" A2100 IS, the "toy-camera-like" D10, and a number of other compact shooters that stay a bit closer to their predecessors in terms of appearance. Of particular note to more serious photographers, Canon was also showing off its new TS-E 24mm f/3.5L II lens, which is replacing the 17-year-old original model, and its new TS-E 17mm f/4L lens, which is apparently the world's shortest focal length Tilt-Shift lens with full-frame 35mm coverage. Hit up the link below to check out the whole lot, just be prepared to do a bit of digging.



i7410 Samsung Rock the world
2009-03-13T03:17:00.000-07:00

Samsung in association with a US-based technology firm Texas Instrument-showed off a new mobile phone with a built in projector that turns any surface into a screen at Mobile World Congerss in Barcelona.Dubbed the 'i7410', tha handset is fitted with the DLP Pico chipset, which lets users project images in excess of 50 inches, depending on the ambient light conditions, the company said.'These Samsung mobile phones instantly turn any situation into a media-viewing opportunity," said Frank Moizio, Manager, DLP Emerging market Business.Equipped with audio speakers, the i7410 is touchscreen phone that comes with a 5-megapixel camera.The projection features can be used to share powerpoint slides,view emails and pictures, watch videos, and even act as a flashlight.The device will hit Korean market this month, and international markets shortly thereafter.



Palm
2009-03-13T03:08:00.000-07:00

We're still waiting on a solid bit of subsidized US availability on Sprint, but Canada's got things all figured out -- how typical. Palm's Treo Pro is doing the EV-DO Rev. A thing on Bell Mobility up there, going for $99.95 on a three-year contract -- 1 and 2-year contracts are $0 and off contract is only $49, so we'll likely be updating when things settle down. That sounds like a silly amount of time to be tied to Windows Mobile 6.1, but we're temporal pessimists like that. Bell Mobility customers can pick up the phone as of today.



PS3 price may down soon
2009-03-13T03:04:00.000-07:00

Mike Hickey, an analyst with Janco, says that a major price cut on the Playstation 3 could be on the way in the near, near future (like, in the next few days). Hickey claims that the price slash needs to be at least $100 to get the retail juice moving again, and that, failing that, Sony should expect to see its sales on the console continue to decline. We've heard predictions of a coming price reduction already (sure, they were from Microsoft, but whatever), and this wouldn't be a huge surprise, though we'll just have to wait and see. Hickey also speculates that Sony could hack the Blu-ray out of the PS3 in order to make that price cut doable, but that seems slightly wild to us. Then again, stranger things have happened.



CPU Inside the Keyboard
2009-03-10T02:47:00.000-07:00













































A typical Computer usually have Monitor, CPU, Keyboard, Speakers .But Technology have evolved to such a level that you might have just a keyboard which will replace your CPU, Speakers. Don’t believe me then see the CPU inside Keyborad.



Cell Phone History Vs Technology
2009-03-10T02:33:00.001-07:00
Cell Phone History
Do you remember a time when nobody carried a cell phone? When we were forced to wait in line for a payphone? Then the first analog mobile phones were introduced into the world and everyone marveled at their ability to allow people to communicate on the run.
It wasn't long after that when every phone was switched to digital technology and you had to throw out your analog phone for a more high tech digital one. You could have just said – "no I don't need to buy a new one" but inevitably you had become so attached to your phone, that you felt like it would be taking a piece of you away, so you bought a new one to replace your one now in the rubbish bin.
Now let's skip ahead a few years and from the basic digital black and white screened cell phones, color technology was invented which opened up a lot of other avenues. Games became more graphically advanced and there was one other thing that made a huge impact on the cell phone industry – the inbuilt digital camera!
With the ability to take and store digital photos on your phone, we started to open up our minds, imagining the possibilities. Would cell phones become our new personal computer? We're not there yet but we sure are getting close to it. Now it has only been 10 short years since the first digital cell phone was introduced into the world and look how far we have already come!
Latest Cell Phone Technology – The iPhone
The iPhone is has just been released and is taking the world by storm. With it's sleek look and huge range of features, it was sure to make a huge impact in the cell phone world. Created by Apple, it was designed to target those looking for a phone with the potential to store a large amount of songs inside.
If you take a look at it, you will notice it basically looks the same as an ipod! It boasts an enormous screen with touch technology. There are very few phones on the market today that rival the iPhone in any area. It looks great, has an excellent inbuilt camera, cool touch screen, nice graphics. It basically is the closest thing to a hand-held PC.
With the invention of the iPhone, it's safe to say that they cell phone industry is definitely moving in the right direction!
If you want to learn more about Cell Phones including free information, reviews and much more, or you want to find the right Cell Phone Plan for you, then check out CellPhoneInspector.com for the latest cell phone plans.
How to Choose the Right Service

Not too long ago the only way you could trace a number was if you worked for the phone company or the FBI. Remember all those old movies? Trying to get the caller to keep talking long enough for the FBI computers to figure out where they were or who they were? Well, those days are over.
With advances in technology and relational databases, now it's easier than ever to find out who's on the other end of the line. In fact, the most difficult part of the entire process is picking the service that you want to use.
Here are a few questions to ask yourself when choosing a reverse cell phone lookup company.
1. Are They Online? At this point why would you go with some company you found in the phone book or a magazine article? An online reverse lookup company is going to trace a cell phone number much faster and easier than anyone else.
2. Can you check to see if the info you're looking for is available before you pay any money? This is extremely important. There's always a possibility that the number you're looking up isn't in a particular database. Does the service you're looking for allow you to check and see if they have the records for that number before you pay them?
3. Does their service allow you to lookup unlisted numbers? What if the number you're looking is unlisted? Are they still going to be able to lookup the number?
4. Does their service give you the name and address of the caller? If you can't get this information, both the name and the address, there's no reason to use their service anyway. Even if it's free it's useless.
As you look for a Reverse Cell Phone Lookup company, make sure you ask yourself all these questions and get good answers before you choose the company you're going to use. You'll be glad you did.
If you need to trace cell phone numbers, I recommend, The Reverse Lookup Detective. They provide all the information you can legally obtain from reverse cell phone lookups and they have extremely low fees.


Sony 4K SXRD Projectors
2009-03-10T02:25:00.000-07:00
Sony is expanding its line of 4K SXRD® projectors with two new models designed to deliver enhanced contrast, higher brightness, and more flexibility for commercial applications such as simulation, high-end post-production, auditorium/lecture hall presentations, and more.
The new T-Series includes the SRX-T110 and SRX-T105, with both new models offering many design elements from their successful SXRD predecessors – the S-Series – including the same 4096 x 2160 resolution. However, the new projectors offer an enhanced contrast ratio of 2,500:1 and higher brightness, 11,000 and 5,500 lumens respectively, thanks to a refined optical block design.
The projectors feature improvements in performance, interface capability, control software, and installation capabilities—all without sacrificing the resolution, fill factor, response speed, and other characteristics.
“There’s a growing need in commercial applications for projectors to have the ability to deliver images at ultra-high resolution while at the same time featuring both the reliability and capability to meet the requirements posed by those specialized applications,” comments Andre Floyd, marketing manager for SXRD systems at Sony Electronics. “The new enhancements we’ve made to these fourth-generation projectors are based directly on feedback we have received from the market.”
Both models offer support for Adobe RGB color space (with 95 percent coverage of the color gamut), and a wider selection of color spaces, including ITU-R T.709, DCDM (for Digital Cinema Initiative compliance), and sRGB (standard RGB).
Additional flexibility has been designed into the Gamma settings in the T-series. A user-defined register is available in addition to 2.2 and 2.6 presets, where the user can set values from 1.8 to 2.59 in steps of 0.01.
With the use of a pre-installed but removable interface board, LKRI-005, the projectors are DVI-enabled with High Bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP), allowing compatibility with PlayStation3 systems and Blu-ray Disc™ players, and other digital high-definition devices. This board, designed specifically for use with the new T-series models, also provides support for 1080/50P, 720/60P, and 720/50P content.
New software allows for control of up to four projectors over ethernet from a single PC, which is ideal for multi-projector applications such as dual-projector stereoscopic presentations with 8.8 million pixels per eye or multi-projector training simulators.
For installations where rigging is required, dedicated suspension points have been added to the chassis. Baffling has been added to vents on the projector for installations in light-sensitive environments such as planetariums or in rear-screen configurations. The new models can be tilted as much as 90 degrees, up or down, allowing simpler installation when projection is required on horizontal surfaces, and they allow for independent horizontal and vertical image flip capabilities to support the new mounting options.
An improved “intelligent” cooling system has been developed for the T-series resulting in a noise decrease of between 5-7 dB versus previous versions, and using the optional LKRA-001 exhaust adapter, noise can be reduced by an additional 2 dB.
As with many of Sony’s product lines, the SXRD family provides for continued compatibility with existing accessories. All current peripherals for the SRX-R110/R105/S110/S105 remain compatible with the SRX-T110/T105 models. Lamps and lamp-houses remain the same even as the new models provide improved contrast and brightness. Anyone interested in upgrading their current Sony 4K projector by purchasing a new T-series model can continue to use the lenses and input cards they already have.
With a 92 percent fill ratio and a minuscule inter-pixel gap (0.35 microns), the 4K projectors display incredibly realistic and immersive images, even when projecting content which has a resolution lower than 4K, such as high-definition video. The SXRD projector’s 4K resolution is derived from its 4096 by 2160 pixel matrix, providing over 8.8 million pixels, and allowing it to deliver more than four times the resolution of today’s high-definition televisions. Sony’s 4K technology is used worldwide for a range of commercial applications such as computer visualization, planetarium and museum exhibition, command and control, simulation, scientific research, education, and defense, as well as for digital cinema.


Latest Technology in IT & Security Tips
2009-03-10T02:00:00.000-07:00
New Technology
EDGE
As the mobile communication market develops, interest is building for data applications and higher data rate operation. The GSM system is meeting this challenge through a sequence of evolutionary steps. From the initial voice only network, the system first added the short messaging services (SMS) followed by high speed circuit data (HSCSD) and then adding GPRS. All of these services use the same modulation format of the original GSM voice network (GMSK) and change the allocation of the bits and or packets to improve the basic GSM data rate.
After GPRS, the next step in improving the GSM system data rate is to change the signal to a type that has greater bandwidth efficiency, i.e. more bits per second can be supported per unit bandwidth. This is most economically implemented throughout the existing GSM infrastructure when the new signal type has identical bandwidth occupancy characteristics as the original GMSK signal. This is the motivation behind this next GSM enhancement, called EDGE. The primary objective for the EDGE signal is to triple the on-air data rate while meeting essentially the same bandwidth occupancy of the original GMSK signal.
EDGE is an enhancement to the GSM mobile cellular phone system. The name EDGE stands for Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution. EDGE represents a significant innovation in radio technology. When applied to GSM/GPRS networks, EDGE dramatically increases data throughputs, as well as network capacity. It does so through a combination of techniques that is described in detail below.
EDGE systems will enable consumers to use cellular phones, PDA and other wireless Internet devices to place phone calls, surf the Web, or download and play video, audio, and multimedia content. EDGE is designed to deliver data at rates up to 473.6 kbps, triple the bandwidth of most wireless services. Built on the existing GSM (Global System for Mobile) standard and core network infrastructure, EDGE is expected to deploy widely throughout the Americas, Asia Pacific and Europe.
EDGE can actually be applied to both circuit-switched data service, where the service is technically referred to as Enhanced Circuit-Switched Data (ECSD), or to packet-switched data service, where the service is technically referred to as Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS).However, most GSM operators deploying EDGE, including AT&T Wireless, are concentrating on packet service. With EDGE, the radio interface keeps the same time-slot structure as GPRS and GSM, and is still considered a Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA) system. Many signalling (control) protocols, and all user level (IP, UDP, TCP etc.) protocols, are the same for both GPRS and EDGE. This is possible because EDGE operates only at the physical layer (radio modulation and forward error correction) and link layers (access control and retransmissions). Higher layer protocols are unaffected. Consequently, any application developed for GPRS will immediately work with EDGE. From an application perspective, EDGE behaves identically to GPRS, just faster and with very high reliability. From an operator deployment point of view, EDGE can be added to an existing GSM/GPRS network with minimal new hardware, especially if it is a newer network that was designed to be EDGE capable, such as operated by AT&T Wireless.
EDGE radio technology uses the following techniques to boost throughput speeds and to increase capacity: new modulation, flexible channel coding, link adaptation, and incremental redundancy, an effective method of retransmitting packets, a larger addressing window, and tight interleaving.
Fully compatible with legacy GSM/GPRS, EDGE is an evolutionary step towards high speed data and multimedia services. It out performs the GSM throughput capacity by up to 300%.It is a technology that gives GSM the capacity to handle services for the third generation of mobile telephony. Using EDGE, operators can handle three times more subscribers than GPRS, triple their data rate per subscriber, or add extra capacity to their voice communications. A cost-efficient way to optimize high-quality data services availability, EDGE performance satisfies both subscribers and operators. It will allow GSM operators to use existing GSM radio bands to offer wireless multimedia IP-based services and applications at theoretical maximum speeds of 384 kbps with a bit-rate of 48 kbps per timeslot and up to 69.2 kbps per timeslot in good radio conditions.
The method chosen by EDGE is a combination of Time and Frequency Division Multiple Access (TDMA/FDMA) and 200 kHz carrier bandwidth as today’s GSM networks, which allows existing cell plans to remain intact. Since the radio spectrum is a limited resource shared by all users, a method must be devised to divide up the bandwidth among as many users as possible. The FDMA part involves the division by frequency of the (maximum) 25MHz bandwidth in to 124 carrier frequencies spaced 200 KHz apart. One or more carrier frequencies are assigned to each base station. Each of these carrier frequencies is then divided in time, using a TDMA scheme. The fundamental unit of time in the TDMA scheme is called a burst period and it lasts for 15/26 ms. Eight burst periods are grouped into a TDMA frame(120/26 ms) which forms the basic unit for the definition of logic channels. One physical channel is one burst periods per TDMA frame.
To increase the gross data rate, a new modulation scheme is introduced which provides higher data rates, high spectral efficiency. Basically, EDGE technology introduces a new modulation technique, that can be used to transmit both packet switched and circuit switched voice and data services. It also introduces a new technology not found in GPRS, Incremental Redundancy, which, instead of retransmitting disturbed packets, sends more redundancy information to be combined in the receiver. This increases the probability of correct decoding.
EDGE is therefore an add-on to GPRS and cannot work alone. GPRS and EDGE uses different protocols and different behaviour on the base station system side. However in the ore network side, GPRS and EDGE share the same packet handling protocols and therefore behave in the same way. Reuse of the existing GPRS core infrastructure emphasizes the fact that EDGE is only an add-on to GPRS
For the end user, EDGE provides improved quality of service, increased data capacity and higher data throughput. It also decreases response times for all data services, thus keeping end users satisfied and connected. Potentially lower price per bit, Lower cost of data capacity for high-speed data applications gives the operator flexibility in pricing. EDGE will provide the solution or operators wanting to offer personal multimedia services early and who need to increase the data capacity in their GSM network prior to UMTS deployment. EDGE is especially valuable for operators that do not deploy UMTS. EDGE will not replace existing investments or services but will upgrade them to a highly competitive level through gradual investment


Top 10 Upcoming Technologies
2009-03-10T01:56:00.001-07:00

Top 10 Upcoming Technologies 

If you believe that technology has the potential to change your life and lifestyle. Then here is a list of 10 top and most potential upcoming technologies than can transform your life.
Hydrogen Economy: With the increasing hike in fuel prices the best alternative option for fossil fuel is to use hydrogen. This can be done by converting water into hydrogen which can be used as fuel for various purposes. Water is the only byproduct obtained as a result of combustion of hydrogen. But the major problem faced is the storage of hydrogen.
Therapeutic Cloning: The major concept behind cloning is to clone organs mainly for replacement purpose. The main benefit of organ cloning is that it will reduce the risk of rejection of replaced organ by the body. With the development of this technique damaged or cancerous organ can be easily replaced by diseased free cloned organ.
Desktop 3-D Printing: With the help of 3-D printing you don’t need to visit store for latest and upcoming gadget. You can easily select a design and generate the whole gadget on your desktop with 3-D printing. Your next step could be designing, posting them or even marketing your own designs. With the help of 3-D printing you will be able to design kitchenware, toys and other household decorative items.
Location Based Computing: In near future for getting information about any object you simply need to point your mobile phone to that object. And within seconds all the information will be in your cell phone. Along with servers with Internet addresses you will also find servers with geographic coordinators.
Moore’s Law Upheld: In the year 1965 Gordon Moore cofounder of Intel stated that “the available computer power can be expected to double every other year.” Since last 2 decades computer pundits and chip industry are smashing all the barriers in the way of fulfillment of the law.
Cheaper Solar Cells: Gradually the cost of photovoltaic or solar cell is decreasing. In less than a decade it is estimated that the cost of solar energy will be almost equivalent to cost of electricity. And solar cells will be become one of the standard feature in all the residential construction. In that case your house will power itself within 1/3rd of time.
Mobile Robot: With the invention of mobile robots you simply need to send your car to pick your parcel from the city center. The recent challenge faced by DARPA is to develop robot cars which can easily navigate through suburban traffic.
Pervasive Wireless Internet: This technology enables you to be online anywhere and anytime. Recently all mobile devices like WiMAX, 4G, 3G, etc, designed keeping in mind the future of pervasive wireless interne. With this technology you will be able to check your burglar alarm through your phone.
Stem Cell or Gene Therapy: There are many disease conditions which are related with your family history. Or you can say that it is in your genes. Scientists are working hard to change all the defective genes and trick to grow the cells correctly. In near future you might see that genetic diseases can be as easily curable like pneumonia.
Digital Libraries: Digitization of accumulated work will make it easier to find an answer of factual based question online immediately. Moreover there are various institutes which are providing their courses online.



history/developments  of Quantum computing
2009-03-10T01:41:00.000-07:00
history/developments    
1965
Physicist Richard Feynman, involved deeply in the development of the first atomic bomb, proposes significant theories of quantumelectrodynamics, a realm concerned with the way in which electrons interact with one another through the electromagnetic force propogated through the photon.  Creating Nobel-winning, simple visual depictions of the possible interactions between an electron and photon and other atomic interactions, Feynman also predicts that antiparticles, particles which possess a charge opposite to that of their mirror particle, are actually just normal particles which move backwards in time.
1980
Feynman, among others, begins to investigate the generalization of conventional information science concepts to quantum physical processes, considering the representation of binary numbers in relation to the quantum states of two-state quantum systems: in other words, simulating quantum systems not with conventional computers but with other quantum systems constructed for this purpose.
1985
David Deutsch, of Oxford, publishes a theoretical paper describing a universal quantum computer, proving that if two-state system could be made to evolve by means of a set of simple operations, any such evolution could be produced, and made to simulate any physical system; these operations come to be called quantum 'gates', as they function similarly to binary logic gates in classical computers.
1994 - Shor’s Algorithm
Peter Shor, working for AT&T, proposes a method using entanglement of qubits and superposition to find the prime factors of an integer, a rather valuable process as many encryption systems exploit the difficulty in finding factors of large numbers.  In principle, his algorithm would far surpass the efficiency of any known computer when executed on a quantum computer; Shor’s discovery proves quite instrumental in provoking a storm of research both by physicists and computer scientists.
1995
The National Institute of Standards and Technology and the California Institute of Technology jointly contemplate the problem of shielding a quantum system from environmental influences  and perform experiments with magnetic fields, which allow particles (ions) to be trapped and cooled to a quantum state.  This method, however, allows only devices of a few bits to be created, ones which lose coherence rapidly.1996 – present
A team composed of University of California at Berkeley, MIT, Harvard University, and IBM researchers pursue a somewhat similar technique, but using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), a technology which seems to manipulate quantum information in liquids.  They attempt to ameliorate the threat of decoherence by working with a vast number of quantum computers, allowing each qubit to be represented by many, many molecules, thus decreasing the effect of external forces.  NMR acts on quantum particles in the atomic nuclei of the fluid by creating a certain “spin;” the alignment of a given particle’s spin betrays its value, 0 or 1.  By varying the electromagnetic field used, certain oscillations are found which allow certain spins to flip between these states, allowing them to exist in both at once. Also, the constant motion of molecules in liquids create interactions allowing the construction of logic gates through NMR, the basic units of computation.  The team develops a 2-bit quantum computer made from a thimble of chloroform; input consists of radio frequency pulses into the liquid containing, in essence, the compiled program to be executed.
The algorithm run through the quantum computer is one devised by Lov Grover of Bell Laboratories.   In computer science, one often describes the effiency of an algorithm by the time it takes to complete given the magnitude of input.   If a matrix of N by N elements is input, for example, an exhaustive search of the matrix for a particular value will take N2 tries to find, in the worst case.  If N values are input, the most common search method (called a binary search), will take N/2 tries, on average.  Grover’s quantum algorithm is O(N1/2 ).  With the quantum computer developed, a list of four items was subjected to this algorithm, which proved to be able to find the desired item in a single step.
1998
In 1993, the feasibility of quantum teleportation is proposed by an international team of researchers, who based their conclusions on a theorem of quantum mechanics called the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen effect.  The theorem describes how two particles which come into contact become “entangled,” and part of the same quantum system.  The group theorizes that two entangled, “transporter” particles introduced to a third, “message” particle might transfer properties from one to the other.  The idea is actually put into practice nearly six years later, by researchers at the University of Innsbruck in Austria.  Two pairs of entangled photons were exposed to each other, and it is revealed that the polarization state of one may be transferred to the other.  The discovery possesses implications for data transfer and networking among quantum particles in quantum computing.


New computer technology replaces mouse control with facial movements
2009-03-10T01:39:00.000-07:00
New computer technology replaces mouse control with facial movements
AM - Saturday, 18 September , 2004  08:24:00
Reporter: Jayne-Maree Sedgman
HAMISH ROBERTSON: Staying with computers, that world was opened up to many people, especially those with disabilities, by the invention of voice recognition technology.But now a Canadian scientist has gone one step further, with a computer interface which doesn't even need to hear your voice but allows you to navigate your way around the screen simply by moving your face.Dr Dmitry Gorodnichy from the Institute of Information Technology in Ottawa has been telling our reporter, Jayne-Maree Sedgman, that he's invented a computer which is controlled through eye and nose movements.DIMITRY GORODNICHY: Nose is a very unique feature all of us have. First, you can see it all the time, so regardless of your face, facial orientation or expression, you can always see where the nose is.But, even more than that, what is very good for all of us is that the nose has this unique complex shape feature, a complex shape, which no other part of our face has. And because of that it makes possible to track the nose very precisely and also smoothly. So regardless of how complex is the motion of your face, you can track the people's noses very precisely and very smoothly, which is needed if you need to control. Like, imagine, you need to write your name hands-free with the tip of your nose. Okay, so that's the precision we are looking for, and we can do it now.JAYNE-MAREE SEDGMAN: So, realistically, how long might it take users to become accustomed to this level of precision?DMITRY GORODNICHY: Oh, it doesn't take any time, because first it's natural. Imagine that your hands are busy with breakfast and you would like to point me where is a book which I'd like to borrow from you, so how would you do it? You'd just point probably with the orientation of your face, with your nose, right? So that's what computer can do first, it can just see, okay which way are you pointing at. But even more than that, you'd now imagine that you'd like actually to write something with the nose. Again, it's very natural, and that's one of the best things about the technology that there is no need to learn it. So you just do it as you would do if your hands are busy.JAYNE-MAREE SEDGMAN: I understand this invention also utilises the blinking of the users' eyes.DMITRY GORODNICHY: With the nose we can only move objects, but we cannot, let's say, select, or cannot perform a click. So as a replacement, as a hands-free alternative for a click, we've invented what we call a double-blink concept. So we ask a person to blink two times or maybe three times in a row. This is a motion which all of us can easily perform, and which can trigger a command on a computer. So that could serve as a hands-free alternative for clicking.JAYNE-MAREE SEDGMAN: And who do you imagine will use your invention?DMITRY GORODNICHY: I think it will be everybody, including yourself, myself, and of course there is a specific niche for handicapped industry. In particular, there are many people who cannot talk, and even more some of them cannot even move well their hands, or even face, and for many of them their main means of communication is by blinking.HAMISH ROBERTSON: That was Dr Dmitry Gorodnichy speaking from Ottawa to our reporter, Jayne-Maree Sedgman.


head mounted projector
2009-03-09T23:54:00.000-07:00




Today, the pace of surgical innovations has increased
dramatically, as have the societal demands for safe and
effective practices. The mechanisms for training and retraining
suffer from inflexible timing, extended time
commitments, and limited content. Video instruction has
long been available to help surgeons learn new
procedures, but it is generally viewed as marginally
effective at best for a number of reasons, such as the fixed
point of view that is integral to the narration, lack of depth
perception and interactivity, and missing information [1].
In short, the experience of watching a video is not
sufficiently close to being there and seeing the procedure.
A paradigm that uses immersive Virtual Reality could
be a more effective approach to allow surgeons to witness
and explore a past surgical procedure as if they were
there. We are indeed pursuing such an immersive
paradigm together with our medical collaborators at the
UNC-Chapel Hill School of Medicine (Dr. Bruce Cairns
and Dr. Anthony Meyer), and our computer graphics
collaborators at Brown University (Andy van Dam et al).
This paradigm demands methods to record the procedure
and to reconstruct the original time-varying events to
create an immersive 3D virtual environment of the real
scene. A more complete solution should also allow
relevant instructions and information, such as vocal
narration, 3D annotations and illustrations, to be added by
the original surgeon or other instructors.
Besides the recording and the reconstruction, providing
an effective way to display a 3D virtual environment to
the user is also a major challenge. In this paper, we
introduce a hybrid approach to address this challenge.
During a typical use of the training system, the trainee
would usually stand beside the patient paying close
attention to the surgery. She might even stand in the
position of a surgeon and observe the procedure from his
(a) (b)
Figure 1. Different views of a surgical operation.
Figure 2. A user using our prototype system based
on our hybrid display approach that combines a
HMD and a projector-based display.
point of view. At the same time, the trainee is also
required to be aware of the surrounding events that could
affect the surgeons’ actions. Such surrounding events
include the actions of other surgeons and technicians,
changes in monitoring and life-support devices, and
overall awareness of the patient’s dynamic condition.
Figure 1(a) shows a close-up view of a real surgical
operation in progress, and Figure 1(b) shows a snapshot
of the many events happening in the operation room.
The visual needs of the trainee can be divided into two
main parts. The first part requires high-quality stereo view
of the objects and events that the trainee is paying direct
attention to, such as the main surgical procedure. Highquality
and high-resolution views are needed to discern
the great intricacy of the surgery, and stereovision is
needed for better spatial understanding. The second part
of a trainee’s visual needs is the peripheral view of her
surroundings. This is needed by the trainee to maintain
visual awareness of the surrounding events. Our medical
collaborators, and others in the field, feel that visual
awareness of the entire patient and the surroundings is a
critical component of surgical training. In particular, with
trauma surgery there is typically a lot of relevant activity
in the operating room. It has been found that in the human
visual system, resolution in the periphery is less dense
than in the fovea [2], therefore peripheral view need not
be high-resolution and high-quality.
Traditionally, head-mounted displays (also called
head-worn displays) have been used to provide highquality
stereo visualization of 3D virtual environments.
However, most HMDs offer limited fields of view, often
only 40° to 60° horizontally and 30° to 45° vertically.
Wide-FOV HMDs have been manufactured, but they are
rare, expensive and heavy to wear. We are aware of no
HMD that can fully cover the human field of view of
approximately 200° horizontally and 135° vertically [3].
Although HMDs are good at providing high-quality stereo
views, the generally narrow FOV has rendered them less
than ideal for providing peripheral views.
The common alternatives to HMDs for immersive
visualization of 3D virtual environments are immersive
projector-based displays, such as the CAVETM [4]. Most
immersive projector-based displays are capable of
providing very wide-field-of-view visualization, and like
CAVETM, some of them are even capable of fully
covering the human field of view. Because of the
relatively large display surfaces and the fact that the user
may move close to them, the image quality and resolution
of such projector-based systems may be insufficient for
applications that require the display of fine details.



Image recognation
2009-03-09T23:46:00.000-07:00


Humans currently have substantial performance advantages over machines in several areas, including
object recognition, knowledge representation, reasoning, learning and natural language processing
[RN03]. Intruigingly, most of the hard problems arising in these areas can naturally be cast as
NP-hard optimization problems, with the majority reducible to pattern matching problems such as
maximum common subgraph [Smi99, EV07, Bun00, BDK+08, Sin02]. The formal intractability
of most problems associated with human intelligence is at the heart of the continued difficulties AI
researchers face in mimicking or surpassing human capabilities in these areas.
It may seem surprising that capabilities that we take for granted and perform quite easily could
be computationally intractable. However it is important to remember that this intractability does not
preclude efficient generation of approximate solutions. In practice, exact solutions to optimization
problems arising in AI are not required. Generally there is a graceful degradation of performance
as a solution moves away from global optimality. Because of this behavior the ideal computational
1
Figure 1: Object recognition by image matching proceeds by pairing points in two images that correspond
to the same structure in the outside world. In the algorithms considered here, both feature
similarity and geometric consistency are considered in determining to what extent two images are
similar.
approach is to use specialized heuristic algorithms to attack these problems [Sim95]. It is interesting
to note that human brains are thought to contain structures specialized for pattern matching
(‘wetware heuristics’) that are used to support a variety of capabilities for which humans still hold a
performance advantage over machines, and that these structures have been used as inspirations for
development of successful heuristic algorithms [Sin02, Mou97, Mac91].
In this article we focus on the quintessential pattern recognition problem of deciding whether
two images contain the same object. This is a typical example of a capability in which humans
outperform modern computing systems and can be thought of as an NP-hard optimization problem.
We begin to explore whether quantum adiabatic algorithms [EFS00, CFGG00, BBTA99, SMTC02]
can be employed to obtain better solutions to this problem than can be achieved with classical optimization
algorithms. The first step in this exploration is to map image recognition into the particular
input format required for running quantum adiabatic algorithms on D-Wave superconducting AQC
processors.
2 Image matching
A popular method to determine whether two images contain the same object is image matching.
Image matching in its simplest form attempts to find pairs of image features from two images
that correspond to the same physical structure. An image feature is a vector that describes the
neighborhood of a given image location. In order to find corresponding features two factors are
typically considered: feature similarity, as for instance determined by the scalar product between
feature vectors, and geometric consistency. The latter is best defined when looking at rigid objects.
In this case the feature displacements are not random but exhibit correlations brought about by
a change in viewpoint. For instance, if the camera moves to the left we observe translations of
the feature locations in the image to the right. If the object is deformable or articulate then the
feature displacements are not solely determined by the camera viewpoint anymore but one can
2
Figure 2: Representation of images as labeled graphs. Shown are three exemplary interest points
for each image. The number of interest points detected is content dependent but is on the order
of several hundred for 640x480 resolution images with content as shown. Each interest point is
assigned a position, scale, and orientation [Low99]. In the figure the scale is indicated by a circle
and the orientation by a pointer. This information can be used to characterize the relative pose and
position of two interest points denoted by the vectors ~g next to the dotted lines.
still expect that neighboring features tend to move in a similar way. Thus image matching can
be cast as an optimization problem in which one attempts to minimize an objective function that
consists of two terms. The first term penalizes mismatches between features drawn from image one
and placed at corresponding locations in image two. The second term enforces spatial consistency
between neighboring matches by measuring the divergence between them. It has been shown that
this constitutes an NP-hard optimization problem [FH05].



Quantum Computers
2009-03-09T21:31:00.000-07:00



By combining quantum computation and quantum interrogation, scientists at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have found an exotic way of determining an answer to an algorithm – without ever running the algorithm.


The world's first commercial quantum computer strutted its stuff in Reno, Nevada at the SC07 supercomputing conference. D-Wave Systems Inc. collaborated with Google to demonstrate how quantum computers can perform image recognition tasks at speeds rivalling human capabilities. The Neven-based image recognition and search-by-image capability was acquired by Google when it bought Neven Vision in 2006.
"Our image-matching demonstration, the core of which is too difficult for traditional computers, can automatically extract information from photos?recognising whether photos contain people, places or things?and then categorise the image elements by visual similarity," said Geordie Rose, D-Wave founder and CEO.
Google acquired Neven Vision for its expertise in recognising similarities among photos. Among the image-recognition tasks, the simplest would include determining whether a photo contains a person; the most complex would be accurate classification of images by person, place and thing. Even after tuning the algorithms so that they sidestepped the most difficult image-recognition problems, however, they remained too slow for practical deployment in the Google application.
"We have been collaborating with Hartmut Neven, founder of Neven Vision, since Google acquired it," said Rose. "Neven's original algorithms had to make many compromises on how they did things, since ordinary computers can't do things the way the brain does. But we believe that our quantum computer algorithms are not all that different from the way the brain solves image-matching problems, so we were able to simplify Neven's algorithms and get superior results."